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2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) > Ch.6 > Flashcards

Ch.6 Flashcards

1
Q

Fire is a _______, ________, _______, and _______-

A
  • Exothermic reaction
  • Oxidation Process
  • Combustion process
  • Chemical process
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2
Q

Fire is a chemical process in which ______, ______, and _______ come together in an uninhibited chain reaction.

A
  • heat
  • fuel
  • oxygen
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3
Q

Fire produces an _________, releasing heat, light, smoke, toxic gases, and other products of incomplete combustion.

A

exothermic reaction

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4
Q

Fire is a ________ that can be self-sustaining reaction.

A

combustion process

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5
Q

Fuel for fire can be in any form of the three physical properties of matter: _____, _____, ______

A
  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
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6
Q

The fire triangle consists of ______, ______, and _____

A
  • Fuel
  • Heat
  • Oxygen
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7
Q

The first component of the fire triangle is _______

A

Fuel

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8
Q

Fuel must be a ______ or _______ material

A

combustible or flammable

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9
Q

The fuel is most likely composed of ______ and ______ that can be oxidized.

A

-carbon and hydrogen atoms

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10
Q

The second component of the fire triangle is ________

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

What is the most common oxidizing material in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

Oxygen is found in normal breathing air in the atmosphere at a volume of _______ percent

A

21%

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13
Q

The rest of air is mostly _______, an inert chemical.

A

Nitrogen

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14
Q

The third component of the triangle is _________

A

heat energy

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15
Q

Water is an effective firefighting agent because it ________ and because it is readily available.
It can also be used to ____________ by submerging some fuels.

A
  • absorbs heat, thus cooling the fuel

- smother flames

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16
Q

A more complete explanation of the fire process involves the _____________

A

Fire Tetrahedron

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17
Q

The Fire Tetrahedron was developed in the 1950’s by ___________

A

Walter Haessler

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18
Q

Walter Haessler was interested in finding out why ____________ was so effective as a fire-extinguishing agent.

A

the dry chemical ammonium phosphate

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19
Q

In the 4 sided Fire Tetrahedron, there is a fourth component:

A

uninhibited chain reaction

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20
Q

In the fire process known as ________, the tetrahedron better describes the reaction taking place.

A

flaming combustion

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21
Q

The fuel in the fire tetrahedron is considered a _________

A

reducing agent

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22
Q

What are the 5 classes of fires:

A

Class A: Ordinary Combustibles
Class B: Flammable Petroleum products
Class C: Electrically energized equipment
Class D: Combustible Metals
Class K: Cooking Fuels, Vegetable or animal oils and fats

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23
Q

In Class C fire, the fuel itself can be either class ____, ____ or _____

A

Class A
Class B
Class D

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24
Q

Combustible metal fires are more common in _________

A

manufacturing areas

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25
Firefighters must avoid bringing water into contact with ___________
Class D: Combustible Metal fires
26
Class K fires are technically a subclass of the ______________
Class B- flammable liquid/gas class
27
The extinguishing agent rapidly converts the burning substance to a noncombustible soap:
Saponification
28
Saponification is a ___________
Endothermic reaction
29
Meaning it absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings:
Endothermic reaction
30
When a Class A fire burns, they produce ______, ______, and ________
- Carbon Dioxide CO2 - Carbon Monoxide CO - Water
31
Plastics are hydrocarbon-based and produce heavy black smoke and high levels of _______, ______, and _______
- Carbon Monoxide - Carbon Dioxide - Hydrogen Cyanide - Hydrogen Chloride
32
Most fire deaths result from the ___________
Toxicity of the smoke
33
The most abundant gas produced at any fire is __________
Carbon Monoxide | *This gas has killed the most people
34
Carbon monoxide poisoning is the cause of death in more than _______ percent of all fire fatalities.
50%
35
When fires involve natural and synthetic materials that contain nitrogen, such as wool, silk, acrylonitrile, polyurethane, melamine, and nylons, the materials release _________
Hydrogen Cyanide
36
________ and ________ are associated with morbidity and mortality
Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide
37
Automobile fires have sickened firefighters from gases released from __________
polyurethane foam rubber seats
38
_______ is a very potent irritant, released from burning polyethylene
Acrolein
39
_________ is a deadly gas released from polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Hydrogen Chloride
40
The fires progress depends on _______, _____, and ______
- fuel load - combustibility of fuel - intensity of heat produced
41
4 phases of fire:
- Incipient stage - Free-burning stage - Flashover - Smoldering decay stage
42
The ______ is the actual ignition stage. The fire involves only the original material ignited and produces some heat and smoke.
incipient phase
43
The flame itself may produce a flame temperature of _____ to _____
800 to 1000 degrees
44
- Fire preheats surrounding materials - Fire spreads vertically as a thermal convection current - Thermal column meets resistance of ceiling and spreads out horizontally. - Room is heated from top down
Free-basing phase
45
Fire spreads in all directions through ______ heat waves
radiant
46
During the smoldering phase the temperature can reach ________ or more.
1000 degrees
47
Fire can spread by 4 principal means:
- convection - radiation - conduction - direct flame impingement
48
Direct flame impingement is sometimes considered a form of ___________
radiation
49
When the lighter gases stay near the top floors of structure while the flames and heavy gases spread throughout the lower areas of the structure.
stratify
50
MGM Grand Hotel Fire:
- November 21, 1980 - 85 people died - burning 15 to 19 feet per second
51
The priority of search should be set at:
- fire floor - floor immediately above fire - top floor of building
52
Flames from a fire produce heat waves that move in a _____ from the fire.
straight line
53
______ are an invisible movement of heat that can penetrate windows and unprotected openings.
Heat waves
54
Radiant heat moves ____________, heating everything it can reach.
equally in all directions from fire
55
Radiant Heat is _________
electromagnetic heat waves
56
Water curtains are of little use in stopping __________
radiant heat
57
Who defined the law of heat of Conduction in the 1800's:
Joseph Fourier
58
The most important physical properties fro Heat conduction are:
- thermal conductivity - density - specific heat
59
The point in the progression of a room fire when all the combustibles in the room have ignited:
Flashover | *Temp can exceed 1000 deg
60
The heating process during Flashover is caused by:
Thermal Radiation Feedback
61
_______is one of the first signs that flashover is imminent.
Rollover
62
_____ feet into room where flashover has occurred is commonly known as "the point of no return"
5
63
The key to recognizing flashover is the ______ and _______
- smoke movement | - fire growth
64
Ceilings, which can be nearly ___ feet high can mask the amount of heat at the ceiling level.
20 feet
65
Indicators of impending Flashover:
- Roomsize - Extreme Heat - Rollover
66
Backdraft can occur from _________
premature horizontal ventilation
67
Indicators of impending backdraft include:
- thick smoke pushing out windows - Dark, yellowish-brown smoke seeping - smoke out then back in - windows stained black - condensation streaks running down inside window
68
The Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide mixture ignites at approximately ________
1100 degrees
69
Backdrafts can be fairly common in:
- taxpayers - strip shopping centers - row houses - garden apartments
70
With todays ______ and _____ it is not uncommon to have a backdraft in single-famiily dwelling.
- environmental consciousness | - energy saving ideas
71
________ has a training center where it can simulate backdraft explosions.
U.S. Navy
72
In U.S Navy backdraft Training, it has concluded that that fire must draw air into it for _____ seconds before ignition occurred.
few seconds
73
_______ is produced from the incomplete combustion of the fuel
smoke
74
Smoke contains:
- tar - water - multiple gases
75
At the very least the Incident Commander should obtain a view of _____ sides
at least 3 sides
76
Dark, Black smoke is indicative of __________
hydrocarbon-based fires (plastics and foams)
77
Dirty, Brown smoke indicates __________
oxygen-strarved fire
78
Lighter smoke is more indicative of _______
Class A fire
79
In very cold weather all smoke can look white because _______________
water condensation due to heat of fire
80
The chemical process of fire is exothermic in that 2 of the products of the fire are _____ and _______
heat and light
81
A method of heat transfer through a medium:
Conduction
82
A method of heat transfer by which air currents are the means of travel:
Convection
83
An artificial face or front to a building:
facade
84
2 or 3 story apartment building with common entryways and floor layouts, often with porches, patios, and greenery around the building:
Garden apartment
85
Where mercantile occupancy is on the first floor and living area occupy the floors above.
Taxpayer
86
Process by which walls and furnishings in a compartment heat as heat is transferred within the compartment, this heat then feeds back and further heats the compartment:
Thermal radiation feedback

2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) (19 decks)

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