- Oxidizing Substances supply their own _____ to the burning process. - Peroxides are very unstable when _________

- oxygen - heated or improperly stored

Ch.18 Flashcards by Blake Harper

_________ and ________ have regulations that apply to hazardous materials response.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Environmental Protection Agency
*Aslo NFPA have standards

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_______ classifies hazardous materials into 9 numerical classes and 2 word classes for placarding and labeling purposes.

Department of Transportation (DOT)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 1- Explosives

has ____ subdivisions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characterized by destroying property and producing a shock wave that may incur or kill:

Detonate

*to explode with sudden violence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Those that burn rapidly and add to fire load and intensity

deflagrate

*considered low explosive, occurs more slowly than detonation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 2- Gases

subdivided into _____ classes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nonflammable gases

Have a lower flammable limit of no higher than _____ and a flammable range of greater than ________

-no higher than 13

greater than 10

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FF should understand that both the properties of gas involved and its weight in comparison to air, air equals ______

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 3- Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Includes gasoline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 4- Flammable Solids (Spontaneously Combustible, and Dangerous when Wet)
Subdivided into _____ classes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 4 materials such as calcium carbide are _________

water reactive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 5- Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

Subdivided into ____ classes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oxidizing Substances supply their own _____ to the burning process.
Peroxides are very unstable when _________

oxygen

- heated or improperly stored

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 6- Poisonous or Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances
Subdivided into _____ classes

*may be solid, liquid, or gas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 7- Radioactive Materials

Divided into ____ levels

3 levels

Depending on amount of radiation released
Be particularly alert around medical facilities that use radioactive materials for diagnostic testing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 8- Corrosive Materials

Are either acids or bases

pH of material is either higher than or lower than that of human tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Class 9- Miscellaneous Hazards Materials/Products, substances, or Organisms

Class 9

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ORM-D =

Consumer Commodity

*Used for other regulated materials

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To ensure the highest level of safety, proper ______ and _______ is necessary.

Product ID

- notification of hazardous material team

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are 3 levels of risk associated with rescue at a hazardous materials incident:

Low Risk
Calculated Risk
Unacceptable Risk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Low Risk is based on 4 assumptions:

Hazards are known and are not expected to increase
The PPE available is appropriate
Responders are properly trained to the task
High probability of a safe and successful outcome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calculated Risk assumes same as Low risk model, with one exception:

The degree of certainty that the hazards are not expected to increase, Hazards may increase and has a Contingency Plan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Has NO chance of success.
2 and 3 may be valid (PPE available, Responders trained)
1 and 4 are not (hazards are known, high probability of safe and successful outcome)
FF should not be committed to entering locations contacting product.
Risks outweigh potential gains

Unacceptable Risk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For evacuation, 2 objectives must be considered:

First objective- notify those who must and can be moved

2nd objective- deals with those who need protection or evacuation but cannot be moved for whatever reason.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When considering Sheltering-in-Place:

- Duration of the release - number of potential evacuees - Available resources - Whether victims can be adequately protected where they are

Studies have shown that sheltering in place is ___________

generally safer than evacuation

- The tactical objectives are designed to limit the area of impact or stop the forward spread of the material - The goal is confinement - Tactical objectives are damming, diking, and retention

Defensive Tactics

Cargo ships may carry up to _____ passengers

Shipboard firefighting operations require:

-lifelines, PPE, SCBA

All ships usually contain _______ gallons of fuel

hundreds of thousands of gallons

The ships prefire plan is called:

Fire Control Plan (FCP)

The FCP is required to be stowed in a _______________

Marked location outside the deckhouse | *Signs directing FF's to the location of the FCP are required

_______ should be used to provide exit paths at ship fires.

Lifelines

``` Structural building terms to Ship terms: Walls: Floors: Ceiling: Windows: Doors: ```

``` Wall = Bulkheads Floors = platforms or decks Ceiling = overhead Windows = Portholes Doors = Hatches ```

Railcars can be classified by _____ basic types:

8 - locomotive - boxcars - flatcars - inter modal equipment - gondola cars - hopper cars - passenger cars - tank cars

The workhorse of the Train:

Locomotive

A ________ is a generator on rails and biggest hazard is electricity generated by diesel engine.

Diesel electric locomotive

Electric Locomotives, which run on electricity from overhead wires can carry between _______ and ________ volts.

25,000 and 50,000 volts

________ are designed to protect the cargo from the elements and avoid contamination.

- Boxcars * often made of wood * contain refrigeration system * Diesel generator has #1 or #2 diesel fuel oil

- Do not have wall enclosures or tops - Provide no protection from elements - Do not present any special fire problems

Flatcars

________ allow the cargo to be transferred rapidly between different modes of transportation without ever having to off load the product.

Intermodal Equipment

Hopper Cars:

- Have fixed sides and ends - Floor is sloped to one or more hinged doors - Used to transport dry bulk materials - fertilizers, chemicals, salts, flour,grain

Passenger trains may carry ______ people

several hundred

The capacity of tank cars range from ______ to ______

-few hundred gallons to more than 30,000 gallons -May have one or more May be pressurized or non-pressurized -May be interconnected by pipes, forming a Tank Train

Several 1 ton containers of chorine are commonly transported on a flat car, called a _________

Multi-unit tank car

BLEVE =

Boiling Liquid-Expanding Vapor Explosion

If a rail locomotive is powered by electricity, then either _______ or _______ will be present.

overhead wires or third rail

Non-passenger trains travel with a minimum of usually ________ people

2 to 4 | *Crew should be in the Lead locomotive

Much information on the cargo and position of the railcars can be found on the _______ or ______

- consist | - wheel report

Aircraft engines can be 3 different types:

- reciprocating - jet propulsion - turbo-prop

The reciprocating engine uses __________

high-octane gasoline or avgas

Jet engines and turboprop engines use _____________

commercial high-grade kerosene- JET A * Higher flash point * Lower ignition point

Military aircraft with jet engines use a blend of ____ and ________

kerosene and gasoline

Hydraulic lines may carry pressures of up to ______ pis

5000 psi

The planes (APU) Auxiliary power unit operates off the planes __________

fuel supply

Rotary-wing aircraft may carry anywhere from _____ to ____ people.

1 to 50

Fuel quantities carried on helicopters can range from ____ to _____ gallons

20 - 700 gallons

Main rotor blades on large helicopters can span as much as _____ ft in diameter.

60 ft

Main rotor blades may dip as low as ____ feet from ground

4ft

``` Color-coding for Aircraft Tubing Fuel: Lubrication: Hydraulic: Compressed Gas: Breathing Air: Fire Protection: ```

``` Fuel: Red Lubrication: Yellow Hydraulic: Blue and Yellow Compressed Gas: Orange Breathing Air: Green Fire Protection: Brown ```

What is Fuselage of plane:

Body

Low-pressure tanks have different types of roofs including:

- cone roof - floating roof - floating roof with geodesic dome - covered floating roof

Bulk tanks are generally step-constructed and may be closely laid out to one another in a _______ arrangement.

tank farm

Crews should not be placed in line with the _____ containing pressurized gases.

ends of tanks

Water should be applied in large quantities to the vapor space of pressurized containers, and to the sides ______ the liquid line of large liquid or non-pressurized tanks.

below

The substation fire is usually a _____ fire after the electricity has been shut down.

Class B fire

Electrical transformer fires cause underground vault explosions that can catapult manhole covers more than _____ ft in air

100 ft

Historical Structures:

- may not contain modern built-in private fire protection - visitors unfamiliar - make sure upgrades are made

As water applied to burning fuel, it sinks to bottom of container. Water turns to steam and expands in volume; causes oil to spill out of container onto large uncontrolled area:

Boilover