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2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) > Ch.5 > Flashcards

Ch.5 Flashcards

1
Q

The NFPA 220 has set a standard categorization for each type of Building Construction:

A 
Type V: Wood Frame
Type IV: Heavy Timber
Type III: Ordinary
Type II: Noncombustible
Type I: Fire Resistive
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2
Q

Not included as a classification in NFPA 220 is ________ or __________

A
  • multiple classifications

- interconnected construction types

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3
Q

In newer cities, construction methods are more recent, and most of the buildings fall within _____ to ______ construction.

A

Type III to Type I

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4
Q

The main point to remember in the performance of wood as a structural member is __________________

A

surface-to-mass ratio

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5
Q

______ is the key factor in fire performance of wood.

A

Mass

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6
Q

The second-most important point to remember in wood-frame construction is the ______________

A

Connection method

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7
Q

_____ was common throughout building construction from the 1800’s through the end of World War II

A

Ballon Frame

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8
Q

With the invention of _______, it became possible to build multistory wood-frame buildings faster and cheaper.

A

cheap machine-made nails

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9
Q

This type of construction involves a wood stud framing system in which the studs run continuously the full building height and there is no inherent firestop between floors:

A

Ballon Frame

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10
Q

__________ can often be identified by the doors and windows being stacked vertically.

A

Ballon-frame structure

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11
Q

The hazard associated with ballon-frame construction is the ability for the fire to __________________

A

Spread vertically and horizontally throughout the structure without visible indication

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12
Q

The __________, sometimes referred to as “western framing”, is the most common type of new frame construction in use today.

A

Platfrom Frame

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13
Q

In platfrom frame the wall studs are attached to a single board on the bottom called the _______

A

sill plate

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14
Q

Platform Frame construction:

A
  • Began after the mid-20th century
  • Used up to 3 story buildings
  • Framing method creates compartmentation
  • Identified by offset windows and doors
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15
Q

The ______ is a typical post and beam construction.

A

Barn

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16
Q

Barns have ________ floor and roof systems.

A

plank and beam

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17
Q

Dimensions of Post and Beam Construction:

A
  • Min roof planks are 2 “
  • Beams set 6 to 8 ft apart
  • min post and beam are 4” x 4”
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18
Q

Post and Beam framing is usually easy to identify because the interior walls are usually ______

A

exposed

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19
Q

A framing method that resembles the post and beam, but uses much LARGER beams is being used today for large residential structures, commercial buildings, churches, and places of assembly:

A

Plank and beam

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20
Q
  • Uses boards laminated together to from large beams
  • Floors thick tongue and groove
  • Reduces concealed spaces
A

Plank and Beam

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21
Q

The _______ is an engineered construction in which the entire structure is tied together into a unitized frame.

A

Truss

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22
Q

Truss Frame construction can be used for buildings up to ________ stories

A

3

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23
Q

The benefits for the construction industry for truss construction is that the light weight members are ________, ________, and _________

A
  • less expensive
  • easier to work with
  • pre-engineered to span large openings
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24
Q

The truss is constructed of light weight, smallest-dimension lumber possible, typically _______

A

2” x 4”

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25
Gusset plate is a metal plate about _____ thick that has been stamped to make a jagged teeth of one side.
0.05"
26
The bowstring truss is a __________
timber truss
27
Hackensack Ford fire collapse that killed 5 firefighters on July 1, 1988 was from _________
Bowstring truss
28
The bowstring truss can span areas of ___ to _____ feet and be spaced ______ on center.
- 50ft - 100ft | - 20 feet on center
29
If a building is old, it may contain ____ or ____. | And ____ and _____ can also play a part in the loss of structural integrity.
- dry rot or termites | - Fungus and decay
30
Defects in the wood members such as ____, _____, and ______ can weaken the members.
- warpage - shrinkage - torn or lifted grain
31
The fasteners used in most lightweight wood trusses used in construction today are MOST OFTEN referred to as __________
gusset plates | *They can also be called gang nailers, staple plates, or metal tooth plate connectors
32
The metal staple is designed to penetrate the wood form ____ to ____ inches, but can often be found with a penetration of less than _____ inches.
- 0.25" to 0.375" | - less than 0.25"
33
When used in roof systems ____ and _____ can cause plywood to deteriorate sue to high humidity and temperatures in attics and cocklofts.
-phosphates and sulfates
34
Heavy Timber construction can be referred to as _______
Mill construction
35
Heavy Timber is often found in ________
Old industrial buildings
36
Type IV: Heavy Timber:
- Columns greater than 8" x 8" - up to 8 stories tall - Floors typically 3” or greater in thickness & - Built using 1" tongue and groove
37
Large sections of wood more than _____ thick can have more fire resistance than exposed steel.
6 inches
38
The exterior walls of the heavy timber construction are made of __________
masonry
39
The openings between sections of buildings separated by firewalls will have ___________ when subjected to heat.
fire doors that drop down or close
40
The hazard in heavy timber structures is that the walls and ceilings are _______________
unfinished and lack fire protection
41
Type III: Ordinary Construction:
- Masonry load bearing walls - Wood-joisted floors and wood roof - Thickness of walls 6 to 30 inches - Walls thicker at bottom - 1 to 3 stores tall, can be 10 stories
42
Fire-cut joists have a _____ degree cut on them.
30-degree
43
The Ordinary Construction building has load-bearing walls along the _________ of the building. Floor and Roof joists span the __________
- longest part | - shortest distance possible
44
What symbols will indicate a spreader:
- a star - letter S - a channel - a circle - decorative device on exterior
45
2 types of spreaders:
Type 1- rod or cable runs parallel to joists and ties walls together Type 2- Tensile member, rod or cable, runs perpendicular to joist and ties first three or four floor joists together
46
_________ employs building materials that will not add to the fire development
Type II: Noncombustible
47
Type II: Noncombustible:
- Structural material is metal-framed truss - most common roof is metal decking - then buildup, hot tar and gravel - When walk on roof walk on side next to wall
48
____________ began the era of fire-resistive buildings.
The invention of steel and the use of steel as a building material
49
The typical rule of thumb for the expansion of steel is ___ inch for every ____ feet at approximately ____ degrees.
- 1" for every 10ft | - 800 deg
50
Many fire-resistive buildings are constructed with ___________ for floors and the roof.
reinforced concrete and steel bar joists
51
______ provides concrete with lateral strength.
Rebar
52
The top chord is _________ and the bottom chord is _____________
top-compressed | bottom- in tension
53
The top and bottom members of the truss are called _______
chords
54
The inside member of the truss is called the _____
web
55
The trusses are tied together with connecting members called __________ The connections are __________
- ties | - panel points
56
The most dangerous truss is the ___________
bowstring truss
57
The most common truss for ROOF construction is the ____________
peaked roof truss
58
Peaked Roof trusses are placed close together, ______ to _____ on center.
16 - 24 inches
59
If trusses were built prior to 1990, roof trusses were _______ to hold them in place
toe nailed into top plate of wall
60
Due to hurricanes, tornados, and roof failures, the method of securing roof trusses evolved to using _______________
- form of angled metal plate or metal clip | - referred to as hurricane clips, hurricane ties
61
Hurricane Clips are nailed to _____________ to better secure the roof structure.
Both the truss and the load bearing wall
62
One typical method of strapping during construction is to place a metal strap from the _____ of the load-bearding wall stud, over the truss, and back down to the ______ of the wall stud.
- outside | - exterior
63
The strapping method improves the roofs ability to withstand __________
Lifting forces
64
The __________ is used for both roofs and floors
parallel chord truss
65
The problem with the parallel chord truss in residential structures is ____________
the void space it creates (interstitial space)
66
Location for electrical wiring, HVAC, and other utilities in a parallel chord truss:
Interstitial space
67
The truss is designed to employ the ________ amount of building material to carry the designed load.
minimum
68
The shortcomings of truss construction method is:
the connectors
69
Wood carries its load by _________
mass
70
In unprotected steel trusses, the steel can begin to lose strength at ______ and fail around ________
- 800 degrees- lose strength | - 1000 degrees- Fail
71
Both of these products have helped the building industry span larger open distances with load-bearing ability, and at a lower cost.
- The Laminated Beam | - Engineered I-Beam
72
The top and bottom boards of an I-beam are referred to as __________
flanges
73
The flanges are typically solid wood, whereas the web is ___________________
- plywood - OSB - type of wood laminated together
74
The primary hazard associated with the I-Beam is that it is _______________
relatively lightweight and therefore more susceptible to deterioration and failure under fire conditions
75
Composed of a number of wood pieces sized and arranged according to design needs, glued together:
Laminated Beam
76
Types of wood-frame buildings:
- Ballon Frame - Platfrom Frame - Post and Beam - Plank and Beam - Truss frame
77
A metal plate, sometimes referred to as a gusset plate, that has teeth that enter the wood member to hold them together.
Panel Point
78
A framing method that uses heavier beams that are spaced much farther apart than the traditional 16 inches. It is used in modern construction.
Plank and Beam
79
A connecting member, such as a gusset plate, that holds the truss members together.
Tie
80
Common throughout building construction from the 1800’s through the end of World War II?
Ballon Frame

2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) (19 decks)

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