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A&P 2 > Ch.19 - The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Ch.19 - The Lymphatic System Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Three parts of lymphatic system

A

network of lymphatic vessels (lymphatics), lymph, lymph nodes

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2
Q

lymph

A

fluid in vessels

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3
Q

lymph nodes

A

cleanse lymph

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4
Q

lymphoid organs and tissues

A

provide structural basis of immune system by housing phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

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5
Q

lymphoid structures

A

spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes

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6
Q

lymphatic system

A

returns interstitial fluid and plasma proteins back to blood

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7
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

elaborate network of drainage vessels

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8
Q

once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics, it is called…

A

lymph

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9
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A

blind-ended vessels that weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries

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10
Q

How are lymphatic capillaries different from blood capillaries?

A

more permeable; can take up larger molecules and particles that blood can’t

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11
Q

Increased permeability of lymphatic capillaries is caused by two specialized structures

A

endothelial cells overlap loosely to form one-way minivalves; MVs anchored by collagen filaments to matrix

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12
Q

lacteals

A

specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa; absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the blood

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13
Q

lymphatic trunks

A

formed by union of largest collectin vessels, drain large areas of body

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14
Q

Regions lymphatic trunks drain:

A

lumbar, bronchomediatinal, subclavian, jugular trunks, intestinal trunk

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15
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

drains right upper arm and right side of head and thorax

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16
Q

thoracic duct

A

drains rest of body

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17
Q

lymphangitis

A

condition in which lymphatic vessels appear as painful red lines under skin; caused by inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasorum

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18
Q

lymphedema

A

severed localized edema; caused by anything that prevents normal return of lmph to blood

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19
Q

immune system cells

A

lymphocytes

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20
Q

two types of lymphocytes

A

T cells; B cells

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21
Q

T cells & B cells

A

protect against antigens

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22
Q

T cells

A

manage immune response

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23
Q

B cells

A

produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies

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24
Q

other lymphoid immune cells

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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25
macrophages
phagocytize foreign substances and help activate T cells
26
dendritic cells
capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes
27
reticular cells
produce reticular fibers called stroma
28
main functions of lymphoid tissue
houses and provides proliferation sites for lymphocytes; offers surveillance vantage points for lymphocytes and macrophages as they filter through lymph
29
two types of lymphoid tissues
diffuse lymphoid tissue, lymphoid follicles (nodules)
30
diffuse lymphoid tissue
loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and some reticular fibers
31
lymphoid follicles (nodules)
solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers
32
lymphoid organs are groups into two functional categories
primary and secondary
33
primary lymphoid organs
areas where T and B cells mature - red bone marrow and thymus
34
T and B cells originate in ___ ___, but only __ cells mature there; __ cells mature in thymus
bone marrow, B, T
35
Secondary lymphoid organs
areas where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen and become activated
36
what are the secondary lymphoid organs?
nodes, spleen, MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue), and diffuse lymphoid tissues
37
lymph nodes
principal secondary organs or body
38
Where are most lymph nodes found?
embedded deep in connective tissue in clusters along lymphatic vessels
39
Two main functions of lymph nodes
cleanse the lymph; immune system activation
40
lymph nodes are surrounded by
external fibrous capsule
41
capsule fibers extend inward as ___ that divide node into compartments
trabecule
42
two histologically distinct regions of node
cortex, medulla
43
lymph enters convex side of node via
afferent lymphatic vessels
44
lymph travels through large ___ ___ and then into smaller sinuses found throughout cortex and medulla
subscapsular sinus
45
buboes
inflamed, swollen, tender lymph nodes that result when nodes are overwhelmed by what they are trying to destroy
46
largest lymphoid organ
spleen
47
the spleen is served by ___ ___ and __, which enter and exit at the ___
splenic artery, vein, hilum
48
Spleen Functions
site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; cleanses blood of aged blood cells and platelets, macrophages remove debris
49
The spleen consists of two components
white pulp and red pulp
50
white pulp
site where immune function occurs; contains mostly lymphocytes on reticular fibers
51
where are white pulp clusters found?
around central arteries; appear as islands of white in a sea of red pulp
52
red pulp
site where old blood cells and bloodborne pathogens are destroyed
53
red pulp is composed of
splenic cords (reticular tissue) that separate blood-filled splenic sinusoids (venous sinuses)
54
In children younger than 12 years, what happens if their spleen is removed?
spleen will regenerate if a small part is left
55
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout body; protects from pathogens trying to enter body
56
Where are the largest collections of MALT found?
tonsils, Peyer's patches, appendix
57
palatine tonsils
at posterior end of oral cavity; largest tonsils and most often infected
58
lingual tonsil
lumpy collection of follicles at base of tongue
59
pharyngeal tonsil
also called adenoids; located in posterior wall of nasopharynx
60
tubal tonsils
surrounded openings of auditory tubes into pharynx
61
tonsils function
gather and remove pathogens in food or air
62
tonsilar crypts
overlying epithelium invaginates; bacteria or particulate matter enters crypts, where they are trapped and destroyed
63
Peyer's patches
clusters of lymphoid follicles in wall of distal portion of small intestine; also called aggregated lymphoid nodules
64
Peyer's patches function
destroy bacteria, preventing them from breaching intestinal wall; generate "memory" lymphocytes
65
appendix
offshoot of first part of large intestine; contains a large number of lymphoid follicles
66
appendix functions
destroy bacteria, preventing them from breaching intestinal wall; generate "memory" lymphocytes
67
thymus
bilobed lymphoid organ found in inferior neck; extends into mediastinum and partially overlies heart
68
thymus function
functions as lymphoid organ where T cells mature
69
Stops growing during adolescence, then gradually atrophies
thymus
70
Thymus differs from other lymphoid organs in important ways
has no follicles bc it lacks B cells; doesn't directly fight antigens
71
blood thymus barrier
keeps immature T lymphocytes isolated from any antigens to prevent premature activation
72
stroma
made up of epithelial cells, not reticular fibers; provide environment in which T lymphocytes become immunicompetent
73

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