Ch. 21 AA

Question 1

Major functions of respiratory system

Answer 1

supply body with O2 for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2

Question 1

respiration involves four processes

Answer 1

pulmonary ventilation (breathing), external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration

Question 2

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 2

movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 3

external respiration

Answer 3

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and blood

Question 4

respiratory system

Answer 4

pulmonary ventilation, external respiration

Question 5

circulatory system

Answer 5

transport, internal respiration

Question 6

internal respiration

Answer 6

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between systemic blood vessels and tissues

Question 7

Major upper respiratory organs

Answer 7

nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

Question 8

major lower respiratory organs

Answer 8

larynx, trachea, bronchi and branches, lungs and aveoli

Question 9

Nose Function

Answer 9

produces mucus; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air; resonance chamber for speech

Question 10

paranasal sinuses function

Answer 10

lighten skull; warm, moisten, and filter incoming air

Question 11

pharynx function

Answer 11

facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens

Question 12

larynx function

Answer 12

air passageway; prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract

Question 13

trachea function

Answer 13

air passageway; cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air

Question 14

bronchial tree

Answer 14

air passageways connecting trachea with alveoli; cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air

Question 15

alveoli function

Answer 15

main sites of gas exchange

Question 16

lungs function

Answer 16

house respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi

Question 17

pleurae function

Answer 17

produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs

Question 18

only external portion of respiratory system

Answer 18

nose

Question 19

two regions of nose

Answer 19

external nose, nasal cavity

Question 20

external nose areas

Answer 20

root (area between eyebrows); bridge dorsum nasi (anterior margin); apex (tip of nose)

Question 21

nostrils

Answer 21

bounded laterally by alae

Question 22

posterior nasal apertures (choanae)

Answer 22

opening where nasal cavity turns into nasopharynx

Question 23

nasal vestibule

Answer 23

nasal cavity superior to nostrils

Question 24

vibrissae

Answer 24

hairs that line the nasal vestibule; filter coarse particles from inspired air

Question 25

olfactory mucosa

Answer 25

lines superior region of nasal cavity and contains olfactory epithelium

Question 26

respiratory mucosa

Answer 26

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium that contains goblet cells and rests on lamina propria that contains many seromucous nasal glands

Question 27

nasal conchae

Answer 27

scroll-like, mucosa-covered projections that protrude medially from each lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 28

three sections of nasal conchae

Answer 28

superior, middle, and inferior conchae

Question 29

nasal meatus

Answer 29

groove inferior to each concha

Question 30

shape of the nasal conchae helpt o

Answer 30

increase mucosal area; enhance air turbulence

Question 31

paranasal sinuses

Answer 31

form ring around nasal cavities

Question 32

rhinitis

Answer 32

inflammation of nasal mucosa

Question 33

pharynx

Answer 33

funnel-shaped muscular tube that runs from base of skull to vertebra C6

Question 34

three regions of pharynx

Answer 34

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 35

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Answer 35

located on posterior wall of nasopharynx

Question 36

nasopharynx

Answer 36

soft palate and uvula close it during swallowing

Question 37

pharyngotympanic tubes (auditory tubes)

Answer 37

drain and equalize pressure in middle ear and open into lateral walls

Question 38

oropharynx

Answer 38

passageway for food and air from level of soft palate to epiglottis; lining consists of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 39

isthmus of fauces

Answer 39

opening to oral cavity

Question 40

palatine tonsils

Answer 40

located in lateral walls of fauces

Question 41

lingual tonsil

Answer 41

located on posterior surface of tongue

Question 42

laryngopharynx

Answer 42

passageway for food and air; extends to larynx, where it is continuous with esophagus; lined with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 43

lower respiratory system consists of

Answer 43

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 44

respiratory zone

Answer 44

site of gas exhange; respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Question 45

conducting zone

Answer 45

conduits that transport gas to and from gas exchange sites

Question 46

three functions of larynx

Answer 46

provides patent airway; routes air and food into proper channels; voice production

Question 47

thyroid cartilage

Answer 47

large, shield-shaped cartilage taht resembles and upright open book; "spine" is laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)

Question 48

nine hyaline cartilages in larynx

Answer 48

cricoid; paired arytenoid; paired cuneiform; paired corniculate

Question 49

epiglottis

Answer 49

elastic cartilage; covers laryngeal inlet during swallowing; covered in taste bud-containing mucosa

Question 50

vocal ligaments (true vocal cords)

Answer 50

form core of vocal folds

Question 51

glottis

Answer 51

opening between vocal folds

Question 52

vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

Answer 52

no part in sound production; help to close glottis during swallowing

Question 53

epithelium of larynx

Answer 53

superior portion: stratified squamous epithelium; inferior to vocal fold: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium