Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 2 > Ch 17 - Part B > Flashcards

Ch 17 - Part B Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

defects in intrinsic conduction system may cause:

A

arrhythmias, fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arrhythmias

A

irregular heart rhythms; uncoordinated atrial and ventricular contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fibrillation

A

rapid, irregular contractions; heart becomes useless for pumping blood, causing circulation to cease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ectopic focus

A

an abnormal pacemaker that takes over pacing; caused by defective SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extrasystole (premature contraction)

A

ectopic focus of small region of heart that triggers impulse before SA node can, causing delay in next impulse; can be from excessive caffeine or nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

heart block

A

caused y defective AV node; few impulses or no impulses reach ventricles which is too slow to maintain adequate circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

heart block treatment

A

artificial pacemaker, which recouples atria and ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heartbeat is modified via…

A

cardiac centers in medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cardioacceleratory center

A

sends signals thorugh sympathetic trunk to increase both rate and force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cardioinhibitory center

A

parasympathetic signals via vagus nerve to decrese rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

contractile muscle fibers

A

make up bulk of heart muscle are are responsible for pumping action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are contractile muscle fibers different from skeletal muscle?

A

in skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle action potentials have plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

electrocardiograph

A

can detect electrical current generated by heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

electrocardiogarm (ECG or EKG)

A

a graphic reccording of electrical activity; composite of all action potential at a given time, not a tracing of a single one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of SA node and atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

P-R interval

A

beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S-T segment

A

entire ventricular myocardium depolarized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Q-T interval

A

beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

systole

A

period of heart contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diastole

A

period of heart relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cardiac cycle

A

blood flow through heart during one complete heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

One Cardiac cycle

A

atrial systole and diastole are followed by ventricular systole and diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Isovolumetric contraction
split-second period when ventricles are completely closed, volume remains constant, ventricles continure to contract
26
Isovolumetric relaxation: early diastole
following ventricular repolarization (T wave), ventricles relax
27
End systolic volume (ESV)
volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after systole
28
dicrotic notch
closure of aortic valve raises aortic pressure as backflow rebounds off closed valve cusps
29
Quiescent period
total heart relaxation that lasts about 0.4 seconds
30
First heart sound
closing of AV valves at the beginning of ventricular systole
31
second heart sound
closing of SL valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole
32
heart murmurs
abnormal heart sounds heard when blood hits obstructions
33
incompetent valve
fails to close completely, allowing backflow of blood; causes swishing sound as blood regurgitates backward from ventricle into atria
34
stenotic valve
fails to open completely, restricting blood flow through valve; causes high-pitched sound or clocking as blood is forced through narrow valve
35
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute; equals heart rate times stroke volume
36
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat
37
cardiac reserve
difference between resting and maximal CO
38
Three main factors that affect SV
preload, contractility, afterload
39
preload
degree to which cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before they contract
40
venous return
amount of blood returning to heart; most important factor in preload
41
Contractility
contractile strength at given muscle length
42
negative intropic agens
decrease contractility; acidosis, increased extracellular K+, calcium channel blockers
42
positive inotropic agents
increase contractility; thyroxine, glucagon, epinoephrine
43
afterload
pressure that ventricles must overcome to eject blood
43
Atrial (Bainbridge) reflex
sympathetic reflex initiated by increased venous return, hence increased atrial filling
44
Hormones heart regulation
epinephrine from adrenal medulla increases heart rate and contractility; thyroxine increases heart rate which enhances effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine
45
Ions heart regulation
intra and extracellular ion concentrations (CA2+ & K+) must be maintained for normal heart function
46
Hypocalcemia
depresses heart
47
Hypercalcemia
increases HR and contractility
48
Hyperkalemia
alters electrical activity, which can lead to heart block and cardiac arrest
49
Hypokalemia
results in feeble heartbeat; arrhythmias
50
Tachycardia
abnormally fast heart rate (>100 bpm)
51
Bradycardia
heart rate slower than 60 bpm
52
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
progressive condition; CO is so low that blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs
53
Coronary atherosclerosis
clogged arteries caused by fat buildup; impairs oxygen delivery to cardiac cells
54
multiple myocardial infarcts
heart becomes weak as contractile cells are replaced with scar tissue
55
Dilated cardimyopathy (DCM)
ventricles stretch and become flabby, and myocardium deteriorates
56
pulmonary congestion
left-sided failure; blood backs up in lungs
57
peripheral congestion
right-sided failture; blood pools in body organs, causing edema
58

A&P 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions