Female Reproductive System

Question 1

ovaries

Answer 1

female gonads (secrete female sex hormones); paired structures flank the uterus

Question 2

internal genitalia

Answer 2

located in pelvic cavity; includes ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina)

Question 3

ovarian ligament

Answer 3

anchors ovary medially to uterus

Question 4

suspensory ligament

Answer 4

anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall

Question 5

mesovarium

Answer 5

suspends ovary

Question 6

broad ligament

Answer 6

suspensory ligament and mesovarium are part of this; supports uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

Question 7

blood supply for ovaries

Answer 7

ovarian arteries and ovarian branch of the uterine arteries

Question 8

tunica albuginea

Answer 8

surrounds each ovary

Question 9

ovarian follicles

Answer 9

tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex

Question 10

immature egg

Answer 10

oocyte; found in ovarian follicles

Question 11

tube system includes

Answer 11

uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

Question 12

regions of the uterine tube

Answer 12

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

Question 13

infundibulum

Answer 13

funnel-shaped opening into the peritoneal cavity; margin contains ciliated projections called fimbriae that drape over ovary

Question 14

ampulla

Answer 14

forms half of uterine tube length; is site where fertilization usually occurs

Question 15

isthmus

Answer 15

narrow medial third that empties into superolateral region of uterus

Question 16

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 16

oocyte is fertilized in peritoneal cavity or distal uterine tube and begins developing there

Question 17

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 17

spread of infection from reproductive tract to peritoneal cavity

Question 18

uterus function

Answer 18

receive, retain, adn nourish fertilized ovum

Question 19

position of uterus

Answer 19

anteverted: inclined forward (normal position); retroverted: inclined backward

Question 20

uterus cervical canal

Answer 20

comminicates with vagina via external os and uterine body via internal os

Question 21

cervical glands

Answer 21

secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during midcycle

Question 22

vesicouterine pouch

Answer 22

sac of peritoneum around uterus; between bladder and uterus

Question 23

rectouterine pouch

Answer 23

sac of peritoneum around uterus; between rectum and uterus

Question 24

prolapse of the uterus

Answer 24

unsupported uterus may sink inferiorly, until tip of cervix protrudes through the external vaginal opening

Question 25

three layers of uterine wall

Answer 25

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

Question 26

uterine wall perimetrium

Answer 26

outermost serous layer (visceral peritoneum)

Question 27

uterine wall myometrium

Answer 27

bulky middle layer consisting of interlacing layers of smooth muscle (contracts rhythmically during childbirth)

Question 28

uterine wall endometrium

Answer 28

mucosal lining; simple columnar epithelium on top of thick lamina propria; fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development

Question 29

two chief layers (strata) of uterine wall endometrium

Answer 29

stratum functionalis (functional layer) and stratum basalis (basal layer)

Question 30

stratum functionalis (functional layer)

Answer 30

changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles; shed during menstruation

Question 31

stratum basalis (basal layer)

Answer 31

forms new stratum functionalis after menstruation; unresponsive to ovarian hormones

Question 32

uterine arteries arise from ___ ___ and branch into ____ arteries and ___ arteries

Answer 32

internal iliacs, arcuate, radial

Question 33

arcuate arteries

Answer 33

in myometrium; branch into radial arteries

Question 34

radial arteries

Answer 34

in endometrium; branch into straight arteries in stratum basalis and spiral arteries into stratum functionalis

Question 35

spiral arteries in stratum functionalis

Answer 35

degenerate and regenerate; spasms cause shedding of functionality layer during menstruation

Question 36

layers of vaginal wall

Answer 36

fibroelastic adventitia, smooth muscle muscularis, stratified squamous mucosa with rugae

Question 37

vaginal secretions are ___ in adult females but ___ in adolescents

Answer 37

acidic, alkaline

Question 38

hymen

Answer 38

mucosa near vaginal orifice

Question 39

vaginal fornix

Answer 39

upper end of vagina surrounding cervix

Question 40

female external genitalia (vulva/pudendum)

Answer 40

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, fourchette, greater vestibule glands, clitoris, bulbs of the vestibule

Question 41

mons pubis

Answer 41

fatty area overlying pubic symphysis

Question 42

labia majora

Answer 42

hair-covered, fatty skin folds; counterpart of male scrotum

Question 43

labia minora

Answer 43

skin folds lying within labia majora

Question 44

vestibule

Answer 44

recess within labia minora

Question 45

fourchette

Answer 45

ridge formed by joining of posterior vestibule and labia minora

Question 46

greater vestibular glands

Answer 46

flank vaginal opening; homologous to bulbo-urethral glands; release mucus into vestibule for lubrication

Question 47

clitoris

Answer 47

anterior to vestibule

Question 48

glans of the clitoris

Answer 48

exposed portion

Question 49

prepuce of the clitoris

Answer 49

hoods glans

Question 50

body of clitoris

Answer 50

has erectile tissue; counterpart of penis

Question 51

bulbs of the vestibule

Answer 51

lie along each side of orifice that engorge with blood during sexual stimulation

Question 52

female perineum

Answer 52

diamond-shaped region between pubic arch and coccyx; posterior ends of labia major overlie central tendon

Question 53

mammary glands

Answer 53

modified sweat glands consisting of 15-25 lobes

Question 54

areola

Answer 54

pigmented skin surrounding nipple

Question 55

suspensory ligaments

Answer 55

attach breast to underlying muscle

Question 56

lobules within lobes contain glandular ___ that produce ___

Answer 56

alveoli, milk

Question 57

milk is passed into ____ ____, then into ____ ____ that open to outside at nipple

Answer 57

lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses

Question 58

early detection of breast cancer can be done by a

Answer 58

mammography

Question 59

radial mastectomy

Answer 59

removes breast, with all underlying muscles, fascia, and associated lymph nodes

Question 60

lumpectomy

Answer 60

less invasive and excises only cancerous lump

Question 60

simple mastectomy

Answer 60

removes only breast tissue, sometimes axillar lymph nodes