ch.3

Question 1

glycocalyces

Answer 1

the gelatinous sticky substance surrounding the cell

Question 2

capsule

Answer 2

composed of organized units of repeating chemicals
attached to cell surface
may prevent bacteria from being recognized by the host

Question 3

slime layer

Answer 3

loosely attached to cell surface
water-soluble
allows prokaryotes to attach to surface

Question 4

flagella

Answer 4

responsible for movement
different kinds are monstricous, peritrichous, lopostrichous

Question 5

monstricous

Answer 5

single polar flagella

Question 6

pertrichous

Answer 6

many flagella all over

Question 7

lophotricous

Answer 7

many flagella at one end

Question 8

fimbriae

Answer 8

sticky bristlelike projection
used by bacteria to adhere to another and to substances
shorter than flagella
important for biofilm

Question 9

pili

Answer 9

special type of fimbriae
conjugation pil

Question 10

conjugation

Answer 10

transfer DNA from one cell to another

Question 11

gram-negative cell wall

Answer 11

contain lipopolysaccharide

Question 12

lipopolysaccharide

Answer 12

contains lipid A and can cause fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, blood clotting

Question 13

cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 13

phospholipid bilayer
control the passage of things in and out

Question 14

group translocation

Answer 14

occurs when a substance is chemically modified during transport, occurs in prokaryotes

Question 15

cytosol

Answer 15

the liquid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 16

endospores

Answer 16

unique structures produced by some bacteria that are resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals

Question 17

how to kill endospores

Answer 17

provide good conditions, good moisture, so they can germinate into bacteria

Question 18

passive transport

Answer 18

processes require no use of energy

Question 19

diffusion

Answer 19

molecules move down gradient

Question 20

facilitated diffusion

Answer 20

move down the gradient through channels or carrier proteins

Question 21

Endospore formation

Answer 21

1. dna is replicated
2. cytoplasmic membrane invaginates to form forespore
3. cytoplasmic membrane grows and engulfs forespore, cell DNA disinegrates
4. pepto is distributed
5. spore coat forms
6. endospore matures
7. endospore is released

Question 22

What role do the teichoic acids play within the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 22

they stabilize the cell wall

Question 23

What structural part of a bacterial flagellum is composed of flagellin?

Answer 23

filament

Question 24

rings

Answer 24

anchor the flagellum to the cell membrane