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Microbiology > Chapter 1: History of Microbiology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: History of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Antoni Van Leewenhoek

A

made and used simple microscopes to observe microorganisms
-father of microbiology

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2
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

developed a taxonomic system that helped name plants/animals and helped group similar organisms together

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3
Q

taxonomy

A

system of naming and grouping

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4
Q

eukaryotes

A

have membrane-bound nucleus

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5
Q

What are the six categories of microbes?

A

bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, small multicellular animals

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6
Q

bacteria and archaea

A

unicellular
no nuclei
thrive in moisture
asexual reproduction
smaller than eukaryotes

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7
Q

fungi

A

eukaryotic
have cell walls
molds and yeasts are examples
obtain food from other organisms or saprophytic

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8
Q

protozoa

A

single-celled eukaryotes
mostly asexual
most can perform locomotion

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9
Q

algae

A

unicellular or multicellular
photosynthetic
simple reproductive structures

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10
Q

Why is Leeuwenhoek the father of microbiology?

A

he made and used simple microscopes to examine microorganisms

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11
Q

abiogenesis

A

spontaneous generation

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12
Q

What were the four questions posed during the Golden Age?

A

Is spontaneous generation possible?
What causes fermentation?
What causes disease?
How can we prevent infection and disease?

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13
Q

What was Aristotle’s approach to spontaneous generation?

A

living things arise from from nonliving matter

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14
Q

What was Needhams’s approach to spontaneous generation?

A

large animals could not arise spontaneously but microbes could

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15
Q

What was created as a result of all of the spontaneous generation experiments?

A

scientific method
1. Ask a question
2. Hypothesis
3. Experiment
4. Analyze
5. Conclusion

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16
Q

pasteurization

A

process of heating liquids just enough to kill most bacteria

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17
Q

What did Buchner reveal about fermentation?

A

does not require living cells

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18
Q

What causes fermentation?

A

yeast

19
Q

germ theory of disease

A

some diseases are caused by specific germs called pathogens

20
Q

What did Robert Koch study?

A

etiology of disease using petri dishes and staining

21
Q

What is the most widely used staining technique and why?

A

Gram’s stain because it can differentiate between bacteria types

22
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A

-the suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts
-agent must be isolated and grown outside the hosts
-when the agent is introduced to a healthy host and host must get the disease
-same agent must be found in the diseased experimental hosts

23
Q

Semmelweis

A

introduced the idea of handwashing

24
Q

Lister

A

created the antiseptic technique of cleaning instruments

25
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

mother of modern nursing

26
Q

John Snow

A

created infection control and epidemiology

27
Q

Jenner

A

introduced vaccines and studied immunology

28
Q

Ehrlich

A

started the field of chemotherapy

29
Q

Why might Nightingale be considered the Mother of Nursing?

A

she founded modern nursing and saved tons of patients

30
Q

What are the basic chemical reactions of life?

A

biochemistry

31
Q

How can biochemistry be applied?

A

-design of herbicides/pesticides
-diagnosis of illness
-treatment of metabolic diseases
-drug design

32
Q

How do genes work?

A

genes are contained in molecules of DNA

33
Q

Beadle and Tatum

A

established that a gene’s activity is related to protein function

34
Q

What role do microorganisms play in the environment?

A

bioremediation which uses living bacteria and other microbes to detoxify polluted environments
recycle chemicals

35
Q

serology

A

study of blood serum

36
Q

immunology

A

study of the body’s defenses against specific pathogens

37
Q

bacteriology

A

bacteria and archaea

38
Q

phycology

A

algae

39
Q

mycology

A

fungi

40
Q

protozoology

A

protozoa

41
Q

parasitology

A

parasites

42
Q

virology

A

viruses

43
Q

microbial genetics

A

functions of DNA and RNA

44
Q

epidemiology

A

spread of disease

Microbiology (15 decks)

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