Chapter 2: Chemistry of Microbiology

Question 1

What classifies a molecule as organic?

Answer 1

it has to have carbon

Question 2

macromolecules

Answer 2

large molecules used by all organisms

Question 3

What are the five types of macromolecules?

Answer 3

lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
ATP

Question 4

monomers

Answer 4

basic building blocks of macromolecules

Question 5

polymerization

Answer 5

the process of making polymers

Question 6

lipids

Answer 6

-hydrophobic
-have no monomer

Question 7

What are the four groups of lipids?

Answer 7

triglycerides, waxes, steroids, phospholipids

Question 8

triglycerides

Answer 8

made up of 3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 9

have a double bond between carbon and hydrogen

Question 10

phospholipids

Answer 10

hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
-made up of 2 fatty acids, a phosphate group, and glycerol

Question 11

waxes

Answer 11

lack hydrophilic heads making them extremely hydrophobic

Question 12

mycolic acid

Answer 12

type of wax found in mycobacterium tuberculosis making it hard for antibiotics to permeate it

Question 13

steroids

Answer 13

include cholesterol in humans/animals and ergosterol in fungi

Question 14

carbohydrates

Answer 14

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
long term storage of chemical energy
part of the backbones of nucleic acid
converted to amino acids

Question 15

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and disaccharides

Question 16

acetylglucosamine (NAG) and muramic acid (NAM)

Answer 16

apart of the cell wall and make peptidoglycan

Question 17

Types of monosaccharides

Answer 17

glucose, fructose

Question 18

Types of polysaccharides

Answer 18

glycogen and cellulose

Question 19

Types of disaccharides

Answer 19

sucrose, lactose

Question 20

Proteins

Answer 20

important for structure
enzymatic catalysis

Question 21

All enzymes are proteins except for?

Answer 21

ribozyme

Question 22

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 22

amino acids

Question 23

What bonds do amino acids form?

Answer 23

covalent peptide bond

Question 24

What is a major difference in all proteins?

Answer 24

the R group or functional group

Question 25

transcription

Answer 25

copying DNA into RNA

Question 26

translation

Answer 26

making proteins

Question 27

What is the first protein found in the body along with its triplet code?

Answer 27

methionine, ATG

Question 28

What bond is the primary structure?

Answer 28

peptide bond

Question 29

What bond is the secondary structure?

Answer 29

hydrogen bond

Question 30

What bond is the tertiary structure?

Answer 30

disulfate bond

Question 31

What is the monomer of nucleic acid?

Answer 31

nucleotides

Question 32

What 3 parts make up nucleotides?

Answer 32

phosphate. pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 33

What bonds do nucleic acid have?

Answer 33

covalent bonds

Question 34

Are the two DNA strands parallel or antiparallel?

Answer 34

anti-parallel

Question 35

Where does DNA run?

Answer 35

5' to 3'

Question 36

Which end is hydroxyl and which end is phosphate?

Answer 36

the 3' end is hydroxyl and 5' is phosphate

Question 37

ATP

Answer 37

adenosine triphosphate short term energy supply for cells