CH3-S3 Flashcards
Chlorine is _______
halogen
1:____ diluted household bleach for general household cleaning and disinfection
1:____ for vomitus secretion
1:____ for blood
99,49,4
Give two examples of Halogen
Chlorine, iodine
Usual concentration of alcohol is?
70% (50% to 95%)
What are alcohol and its properties?
Surfactants and protein coagulant, have no activity against spores and poor effective against viruses and fungi, used for disinfection on physically clean surfaces and skin
Why a more concentrated solutions (99%) of alcohol can not be used?
It almost immediate coagulation of surface or cell wall proteins and prevent passage of the alcohol into the cell; it will evaporate too quickly
Phenols ~ triclosan ~ soaps/deodorant(除臭劑)/shampoos/toothpastes ~ ______
disinfectant
______: target bacterial membranes and affect its selective permeability, denature proteins, used for handscrub, prepare skin sites for surgical incisions and injections, whole body washing, include: Hibitane(____), Savlon
Biguanides, chlorhexidine
_______: produces highly reactive free radicals that damage mircobes’ protein and DNA while also decomposing to O2 gas; kills spores and all other microbes; use as skin and wound cleansers, bedsore care, etc.
3% hydrogen peroxide
Which Aldehydes can be used to sterilize respiratory equipments, scopes, kidney dialysis machines, dental instruments
Glutaraldehyde (usual concentration: 2%)
Which Aldehydes can kill microbes by alkaylating protein and DNA molecules, disinfect surgical instruments
Formaldehyde (甲醛)
Gasuous sterilants/ disinfectants: _____ (strong alkylating agents, kill spores, carcinogenic致癌)
Ethylene oxide (ETO)
What is the major purpose of soap?
Mechanical removal and use as a wetting agent. Low-level disinfection in the clinical setting.
How heavy metal compounds cause toxic effect
It cause toxic effect due to metal ions combining with SH and other groups
What are the properties of heavy metal compounds?
It denature proteins. Mercury, copper, silver are examples of heavy metal compounds. Commonly cause allergic reactions. Microbes can develop resistance to metals.
