Ch.4 Flashcards
The human body in health and disease
1
Q
Abdomen
A
Abdomin/o
2
Q
Front
A
Anter/o
3
Q
Arm
A
Brachi/o
4
Q
Heart
A
Cardi/o
5
Q
Tail
A
Caud/o
6
Q
Head
A
Cephal/o
7
Q
Neck
A
Cervic/o
8
Q
Gristle, cartilage
A
Chondr/i
9
Q
Skull
A
Cran/o, crani/o
10
Q
Cell
A
Cyt/o
11
Q
Distant
A
Dist/o
12
Q
Back
A
Dors/o
13
Q
Thigh, femur
A
Femor/o
14
Q
Stomach
A
Gastr/o
15
Q
Buttock
A
Glute/o
16
Q
Same
A
Hom/o, Home/o
17
Q
Flank, hip, groin
A
ili/o
18
Q
Below
A
Infer/o
19
Q
Groin
A
Inguin/o
20
Q
Side
A
Later/o
21
Q
Loin, lower back
A
Lumb/o
22
Q
Middle
A
Medi/o
23
Q
Tool
A
Organ/o
24
Q
Bowl, basin
A
Pelv/o
25
Nature
Physi/o
26
Pleura, rib
Pleur/o
27
Back
Poster/o
28
Near
Proxim/o
29
Above
Super/o
30
Chest, thorax
Thorac/o
31
To cut
Tom/o
32
Navel, umbilicus
Umbilic/o
33
Belly
Ventr/o
34
The study of body structure
Anatomy
35
Study of nature
Physiology
36
Maintaining internal stability
Homeostasis
37
Most basic form of life in the body
Cell
38
Cells may be arranged into similar groups to form...
Tissues
39
Four types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
40
Two or more different tissues combine to form...
Organ
41
A group of organs sharing a general function
System
42
Simplest building block of the body
Atom
43
Atoms bind together to form
Molecules
44
Molecules combine to form, nonliving structures such as parts of cells called
Organelles
45
Transports substances to and from body cells
Cardiovascular system
46
Exchanges gases between the external environment and blood
Respiratory System
47
Removes nitrogenous waste and excess water and salt from the bloodstream
Urinary system
48
Removes unwanted substances and recycle fluid to the bloodstream
Lymphatic system
49
Prepares foods for absorption into the bloodstream and eliminate solid wastes
Digestive system
50
Produces female gametes for fertilization and provide support for prenatal development
Female reproduction
51
Produces male gametes for fertilization and a means to inseminate a female
Male reproduction
52
Controls homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which alter body functions
Endocrine system
53
Controls homeostasis by sensing changes in the environment, processing information, and initiating body responses
Nervous system
54
Muscles produce movement of body parts; bones and joints support and protect soft body parts, store minerals, and form blood cells
Musculoskeletal system
55
Protects the body from fluid loss, injury, and infection
Integumentary system
56
Body position that is commonly used as a reference
Anatomical position
57
Words used to describe the relative location of the body or its parts
Directional terms
58
Patient is lying on the back with the face upward is called
Supine
59
Patient is lying on the belly side is called
Prone
60
Toward the head end or upper part of the body
Superior
61
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body
Inferior
62
Toward the front or belly side
Anterior (ventral)
63
Toward the back
Posterior (dorsal)
64
Toward the midline, which is an imaginary vertical line down the middle of the body
Medial
65
Toward the side
Lateral
66
External, toward the body surface
Superficial
67
Internal, inward from the surface of the body
Deep
68
Toward the origin of attachment to the trunk
Proximal
69
Away from the origin of attachment to the trunk
Distal
70
A vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal or coronal plane
71
An imaginary flat field that is used as a point of reference for viewing three-dimensional objects
Plane
72
A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions
Sagittal plane
73
A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
Transverse plane
74
Major body regions of the head
Face, cranium
75
Major body regions of the neck
Anterior neck, posterior neck
76
Major body regions of upper appendages
Shoulder, axilla (armpit), brachium (upper arm), elbow, antebrachium (forearm), carpus (wrist), manus (hand), digits (fingers)
77
Major body regions of the trunk
Torax, abdomen, pelvis, back
78
Major body regions of lower appendages
Gluteus (buttock), femorus (thigh), knee, crus (leg), tarsus (ankle), pes (foot), digits (toes)
79
On top of the stomach
Epigastric
80
Below the stomach
hypogastric
81
Pertaining to the navel
Umbilical
82
Below the cartilage
Right and left hypochondriac
83
Pertaining to the hip or groin
Right and left iliac
84
Pertaining to the loin
Right and left lumbar
85
Quadrants of the abdomen
Right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ)
86
9 regions of the abdomen
Right and left hypochondriac region, right and left lumbar region, right and left iliac region, epigastric region, hypogastric region, and umbilical region
87
Two main body cavities
dorsal and ventral cavity
88
Dorsal cavity is split into
cranial and spinal cavity
89
Divides the ventral cavity into an upper and lower cavity
Diaphragm
90
Cavity that is superior to the diaphragm
Thoracic cavity
91
Cavity inferior to the diaphragm
Abdominopelvic cavity
92
Ventral cavity splits into
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
93
Cavity that houses the brain
Cranial cavity
94
Cavity that contains the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
95
Lies along the midline of the thoracic cavity and surrounds the heart
Pericardial cavity
96
Contains the heart, the large blood vessels located above the heart, and a gland called the thymus gland
Mediastinum
97
What is in the thoracic cavity?
Pericardial cavity, pleural cavities, and the mediastinum
98
The abdominopelvic cavity splits into what?
Abdominal and pelvic cavities
99
What's in the abdominal cavity and where is it located?
Contains: liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and most of the small and large intestines
located: upper area, above the hip bones
100
What's in the pelvic cavity and where is it located?
Contains: urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and parts of the small and large intestines
located: Below the iliac crest (the tips of the hip bones)
101
time
Chron/o
102
Disease
Path/o
103
A state of the body in which homeostasis has faltered for any reason
Disease
104
The study of disease
Pathology
105
A physician who specializes in pathology, or the study of disease
Pathologist
106
Identification of the illness
Diagnosis
107
Experiences of the patient resulting from a disease
Symptoms
108
Presence of an elevated body temperature
Fever
109
Is a finding that can be discovered by an objective examination, such as a physical exam or lab exam
Sign
110
Describes a disease of short duration
Acute
111
Medical term for a head cold
Acute coryza
112
Term frequently used to describe diseases that are of long duration
Chronic
113
A disease caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungal parasites, or protozoans
Infection
114
The presence of infection results in the development of
Infectious disease
115
The cause of disease
Etiology
116
Disease may also be caused by physical injury or
Trauma
117
Disease resulting from trauma is called
Traumatic disease
118
Prediction
Prognosis
119
Noninvasive procedures
Diagnostic imaging
120
5 major types of diagnostic imagining
Endoscopy, CT, PET scan, MRI, and ultrasound
121
Long, flexible tube that can be inserted into a patient
Endoscopy
122
Is a diagnostic procedure that combines multiple x-rays and computer enhancement to produce three- dimensional images or internal body structures
CT (CAT) scan
Computed tomography scanning
123
-Is a procedure that detects the journey of a radioactive-labeled substance, such as glucose, through the body
-Reveals areas of the body that have an unusual high metabolic rate, such as tumors
PET scan
positron emission tomography
124
The instrument includes magnets that respond to hydrogen atoms in the body by sending signals to a computer, which analyzes the information to produce three-dimensional images
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
125
Involves the pulsation of harmless sound waves through a body region
Ultrasound imaging, sonography
