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EMT class > ch7 (life span development) > Flashcards

ch7 (life span development) Flashcards

1
Q

neonate

A

birth to 1 month of age

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2
Q

infant

A

from 1 month to 1 year of age

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3
Q

the head accounts for how much of a neonate’s body weight?

A

25%

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4
Q

what is the usual weight for a neonate?

A

6 to 8 pounds

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5
Q

prior to birth where does the fetal blood supply come from?

A

the mother via the placenta

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6
Q

barotrauma

A

pressure induced trauma (from too much pressure in the lungs)

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7
Q

how much does a neonate grow per day?

A

1 ounce (16oz=1 pound)

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8
Q

at birth, neonates make the transition from….

A

fetal to independent circulation

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9
Q

why is airway obstruction so common in infants?

A

because they have larger tongues and shorter, narrower airways

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10
Q

neonates are primarily…

A

nose breathers

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11
Q

Moro reflex

A

neonate opens arms wide, spreads fingers, and seems to grab at things

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12
Q

when does the neonate display the Moro reflex?

A

when neonates are caught off guard and startled

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13
Q

palmar grasp

A

occurs when an object is placed in the neonate’s palm he/she instantly grasps the object

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14
Q

rooting reflex

A

neonate instinctively turns head when something touches its cheek

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15
Q

sucking reflex

A

occurs when a neonate’s lips are stroked

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16
Q

fontanelles

A

spaces between the bones that eventually fuse to form the skull

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17
Q

when do fontanelles disappear?

A

usually at 18 months

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18
Q

while still in the womb the neonate’s immune system is supported by…

A

the mother’s antibodies delivered through placental blood flow (infants continue to carry some of this immunity)

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19
Q

for neonates what is the main method of communicating distress?

A

crying

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20
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 2 months

A
  1. recognize familiar faces
  2. uses eyes to track people and objects
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21
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 3 months

A
  1. brings objects to the mouth
  2. smiles and frowns
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22
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 4 months

A
  1. reaches arms out to people
  2. drools
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23
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 2 months

A
  1. recognize familiar faces
  2. uses eyes to track people and objects
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24
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 5 months

A
  1. sleeps throughout the night
  2. distinguishes family members from strangers
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25
neonate psychosocial changes: 6 months
1. begins teething 2. sits upright 3. speaks one-syllable words
26
neonate psychosocial changes: 7 months
1. afraid of strangers 2. displays mood swings
27
neonate psychosocial changes: 8 months
1. responds to "no" 2. can sit alone 3. plays peek-a-boo
28
neonate psychosocial changes: 9 months
1. pulls self up to stand 2. explores objects by placing them in his or her mouth
29
neonate psychosocial changes: 10 months
1. responds to his or her name 2. crawls efficiently
30
neonate psychosocial changes: 11 month
1. begins to walk without assistance 2. becomes frustrated by restrictions
31
neonate psychosocial changes: 12 months
1. knows his or her name 2. walks
32
bonding is based on...
a secure attachment
33
anxious avoidant attachment is found in...
infants who are repeatedly rejected
34
separation anxiety is found in...
older infants
35
______ and _____ involves an infant's needs being met
trust and mistrust
36
trust versus mistrust
1. birth to 18 months of age during which infants gain trust in their parents or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine
37
toddler
1 to 3 yrs old
38
preschooler
3 to 6 yrs old
39
school-age
6 to 12 yrs old
40
pulse, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure for toddlers
pulse: 80 to 140 beats respiratory rate: 20 to 25 breaths systolic blood pressure: 80 to 100 mmHg
41
what is the average age for completion of toilet training?
28 months
42
adolescent
12-18 yrs old
43
pulse, respirations, and systolic blood pressure of adolescents
pulse: 60-100 beats/min respirations: 12 to 20 breaths/min systolic blood pressure: 90 to 110 mmHg
44
preconventional reasoning
when a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment or to get what he/she wants
45
what are the types of reasoning school-age children experience?
1. preconventional reasoning 2. conventional reasoning 3. postconventional reasoning
46
conventional reasoning
behavior is more motivated by the approval of peers and society (follow rules for positive relationships and acceptance)
47
post conventional reasoning
individual begins to base decisions on an internalized moral compass (conscience)
48
early adult
19 to 40 years old
49
pulse, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure of an early adult
pulse: 70 beats/mine respiratory rate: 12 to 20 breaths/min systolic blood pressure: 90 and 120 mmHg
50
middle adult
41 to 60 years of age
51
middle adults become more susceptible to...
1. vision and hearing loss 2. cardiovascular health concern 3. incidence of cancer increases
52
life expectancy
the average number of years a person can be expected to live
53
older adult
an adult 61 years or older
54
atherosclerosis
the buildup of cholesterol and calcium along the inner walls of blood vessels, resulting in the formation of plaque
55
what happens when plaque accumulates?
the flow of blood through vessels becomes restricted or blocked entirely
56
nephron
filter blood within the kidney
57
during a life-threatening illness how does the body preserve blood pressure?
increasing heart rate (this may cause damage to the heart)
58
why does diastolic blood pressure increase in older adults?
their vascular system becomes stiff and blood vessels cannot dilate+contract as effectively, so the heart works harder to move blood throughout the body
59
the loss of bone marrow equals...
a reduction in new blood cells being produced
60
in older adults the airway....
increases in size
61
in older adults the surface area of alveoli...
decreases
62
why is breathing harder for older adults?
1. the airway increases and size 2. and the surface area of the alveoli decreases

EMT class (32 decks)

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