ch13 (shock)

Question 1

shock

Answer 1

inadequate cellular perfusion; hypoperfusion

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

a balance of all systems of the body

Question 3

as shock progresses to the whole body, blood circulation…

Answer 3

slows and eventually ceases

Question 4

perfusion

Answer 4

circulation of blood to the tissues to meet the cells’ needs
-delivery of oxygen and removal of toxic waste products

Question 5

if tissue is hypo perfused the body will…

Answer 5

regulate the blood pressure to prevent shock

Question 6

blood pressure

Answer 6

the pressure of blood within vessels at any moment

Question 7

systolic pressure

Answer 7

peak arterial pressure; pressure generated when the heart contracts

Question 8

diastolic pressure

Answer 8

pressure maintained within the arteries while the heart is at rest; or between beats

Question 9

pulse pressure

Answer 9

Systolic-Diastolic= Pulse Pressure
-the amount of force the heart generates with each contraction

Question 10

sphincter

Answer 10

circular muscular walls that constrict and dilate; respond to stimuli

Question 11

autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

regulates involuntary functions; controls sphincters

Question 12

regulation of blood flow is determined by…

Answer 12

cellular need

Question 13

cardiogenic shock

Answer 13

inadequate function of the heart; pump failure; not enough oxygen delivered to body tissues

Question 14

edema

Answer 14

abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells, causes swelling in affected area

Question 15

pump failure causes:

Answer 15

1. heart attack
2. trauma to heart
3. obstructive causes (large pulmonary embolus)

Question 16

low fluid volume causes:

Answer 16

1. trauma to vessels/tissues
2. fluid loss from GI tract (vomit, diarrhea)

Question 17

poor vessel function causes:

Answer 17

1. infection
2. drug overdose (narcotic)
3. spinal cord injury
4. anaphylaxis

Question 18

myocardial contractility

Answer 18

ability of the heart muscle to contract

Question 19

preload

Answer 19

precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood increases

Question 20

afterload

Answer 20

force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Question 21

obstructive shock

Answer 21

obstruction that prevents an adequate volume of blood from being distributed to the body
-cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism

Question 22

pericardial effusion

Answer 22

collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and myocardium

Question 23

cardiac tamponade

Answer 23

prevents the ventricles from filling with blood; caused by large effusion (fluid); decreased cardiac output

Question 24

pulmonary embolism

Answer 24

blood clot in pulmonary arteries and blocks the flow of blood through the lungs

Question 25

distributive shock

Answer 25

widespread dilation of small arterials/venules

Question 26

what are the most common types of distributive shock?

Answer 26

1. septic shock 2. neurogenic shock 3. anaphylactic shock 4. psychogenic shock

Question 27

septic shock

Answer 27

result of severe bacterial infections

Question 28

septic shock

Answer 28

result of severe bacterial infections

Question 29

neurogenic shock

Answer 29

the result of high spinal cord injury; leads to circulatory failure

Question 30

hypothermia

Answer 30

internal body temp falls below 95F (35C)

Question 31

sensitization

Answer 31

becoming sensitive to a substance that did not initially cause a reaction

Question 32

cyanosis

Answer 32

blue discoloration of the skin; late sign of anaphylactic shock

Question 33

psychogenic shock

Answer 33

sudden reaction of the nervous system that produced vasodilation and results in syncope

Question 34

syncope

Answer 34

fainting

Question 35

aneurysm

Answer 35

swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery from weakening of the arterial wall

Question 36

hypovolemic shock

Answer 36

inadequate amount of fluid in the circulatory system; low blood volume

Question 37

dehydration

Answer 37

loss of water or fluid from body tissues; can cause shock

Question 38

dehydration

Answer 38

loss of water or fluid from body tissues; can cause shock

Question 39

anaphylactic shock

Answer 39

severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Question 40

anaphylaxis

Answer 40

life-threatening allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Question 41

anaphylaxis

Answer 41

life-threatening allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Question 42

compensated shock

Answer 42

early stage of shock while the body can still compensate for blood loss

Question 43

decompensated shock

Answer 43

last stage of shock when blood pressure is falling and the mental status is declining

Question 44

irreversible shock

Answer 44

inability to successfully achieve resuscitation

Question 45

how do you treat obstructive shock?

Answer 45

-increase cardiac output; preload must be increased -apply high-flow oxygen

Question 46

how do you treat tension pneumothorax?

Answer 46

administer high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask early to prevent hypoxia

Question 47

how do you treat septic shock?

Answer 47

-transport immediately and administer high-flow oxygen -use blankets to conserve body heat

Question 48

how do you treat neurogenic shock?

Answer 48

-obtaining and maintaining a proper airway -provide spinal stabilization, assist inadequate breathing, conserve body heat

Question 49

how do you treat anaphylactic shock?

Answer 49

administer epinephrine through intramuscular injection

Question 50

how do you treat hypovolemic shock?

Answer 50

control of external bleeding by applying direct pressure -use a tourniquet if bleeding does not stop