ch9 (team approach to healthcare)

Question 1

community paramedicine

Answer 1

a health care model where experienced paramedics receive advanced training to provide additional services to the prehospital environment like health evaluations

Question 2

continuum of care

Answer 2

the concept of consistent patient care across the entire health care team from first patient contact to patient discharge

Question 3

crew resource management (CRM)

Answer 3

a set of procedures for use in environments where human error can have disastrous consequences
-empowers everyone to communicate with one another

Question 4

group

Answer 4

a collection of individual health care providers working independently to help the patient

Question 5

mobile integrated healthcare (MIH)

Answer 5

providing health care within the community rather than at a physician’s office or hospital

Question 6

situational awareness

Answer 6

knowledge and understanding of one’s surroundings and the ability to recognize potential risks to the safety of the patient or EMS team

Question 7

team

Answer 7

a group of health care providers who are assigned specific roles and are working interdependently in a coordinated manner under a designated leader

Question 8

team leader

Answer 8

provides role assignments, coordination, oversight, centralized decision making and support for the team to accomplish their goals and achieve desired results

Question 9

what are the key goals of the EMS agenda?

Answer 9

minimize exposure to injury, infections, illness or stress

Question 10

what is a just culture?

Answer 10

an approach to leadership that balances fairness and accountability and encourages people to report errors and near misses
-focus on risk management

Question 11

the EMS system considers human error to be a function of three factors:

Answer 11

1. a person intended to do the right thing but somehow committed an error (like choosing the wrong treatment)
2. person performed a skill incorrectly
3. person meant to do something but did not follow through

Question 12

what is at-risk behavior?

Answer 12

when an EMT makes a choice to take a risk, believing that the adverse outcome is insignificant or it’s justified in the moment

Question 13

what is reckless behavior?

Answer 13

a conscious disregard for a significant and unjustified risk (usually results in disciplinary action)

Question 14

regular teams

Answer 14

EMTs consistency interact with the same partner or team and often train together

Question 15

temporary teams

Answer 15

EMTs work with providers who they do not regularly interact with or may not even know

Question 16

special teams

Answer 16

members have a particular knowledge, skills, or abilities to serve a specialized roles such a fire team or HazMat team

Question 17

what are the 5 essential element of a group that people must share?

Answer 17

1. a common goal
2. an image of themselves as a “group”
3. a sense of continuity in the group
4. a set of shared values
5. different roles within the group (often self-assigned)

Question 18

dependent group

Answer 18

each individual is told what to do and how often to do it by his/her supervisor or group leader

Question 19

independent groups

Answer 19

each individual is responsible for his/her own area

Question 20

interdependent groups

Answer 20

each healthcare provider may be assigned to a particular area or task all of the providers work together with shared responsibilities, accountability, and a common goal (the best possible patient outcome)

Question 21

what is a common goal?

Answer 21

the best possible patient outcome

Question 22

the effectiveness of pit crew CPR is dependent on…

Answer 22

defining clear roles and responsibilities among team members

Question 23

the bets way for a team to be effective during an emergency call is to…

Answer 23

1. practice with one another
2. become familiar with each other’s tools and preferences

Question 24

what are the 4 important elements of team communication

Answer 24

1. a clear message
2. closed-loop communication
3. courtesy
4. constructive intervention

Question 25

what is the difference between a team leader and a group leader?

Answer 25

a team leader helps the individual team members to do their jobs by working together with them and facilitating coordination

Question 26

what does PACE stand for?

Answer 26

Probe
Alert
Challenge
Emergency

Question 27

when is the team forced to move backward?

Answer 27

when incorrect information is handed off, information is miscommunicated or care is interrupted

Question 28

what are the 5 general guidelines to keep in mind when coordinating the patient’s transfer of care?

Answer 28

1. uninterrupted critical care
2. minimal interference
3. respectful interaction
4. common priorities
5. common language or system

Question 29

it is the EMT’s individual responsibility to understand what is allowed by….

Answer 29

1. the scope of practice
2. standard of care
3. local protocols where you work

Question 30

when using any advanced tool or technique the focus is always on…

Answer 30

achieving a goal (solving a clinical problem)

Question 31

what are the 4 steps for assisting with ALS skills?

Answer 31

1. patient preparation
2. equipment setup
3. performing the procedure
4. continuing care

Question 32

what are the 5 things the team leader must do on call?

Answer 32

1. gather data
2. interpret that data
3. develop a plan
4. communicate the plan to the team and implement it
5. evaluate the effect of the decision

Question 33

what are the 2 categories that decision traps come in?

Answer 33

1. the EMT either overestimating or underestimating the probability of disease or injury
2. failure to consider all reasonable possibilities

Question 34

what are traps that frequently lead to decision-making errors?

Answer 34

1. bias
2. anchoring
3. overconfidence

Question 35

bias

Answer 35

when an EMT remains locked into the bias and considers only one possible idea, ignoring or not seeking other data

Question 36

anchoring

Answer 36

occurs when the EMT settles on one possible cause of the patient’s problems early and fails to consider other options

Question 37

overconfidence

Answer 37

occurs when the EMT overestimates his or her ability

Question 38

when conflict occurs what 5 techniques should you keep in mind?

Answer 38

1. the patient comes first
2. do not engage
3. keep your cool
4. separate the person from the issue
5. choose your battles