Challenges of Mass Tourism Flashcards
(37 cards)
Carrying Capaciy
maximum level that an area or resource can sustain without an unacceptable degree of deterioration of that resource
Water Pollution
waste/sewage disposed of into rivers/lake/sea from boats, ferries or cruise ships
build-up of waste can contaminate water and kill animal/plant life
Might stop water being used for tourism
Mediterranean Resorts, Florida
Atmosphere Pollution
Incr no. cheap flights and abundance of long-haul means more people flying than ever before
aviation oil burned high in atm can cause alot of atm pollution
flight paths and area surrounding area of Heathrow airport in London
Coasts/Islands Pollution
resorts dev mostly along beaches/coastal seafronts and turn a natural landscape into an urban one
Roads and transport links are built
many natural landscapes are lost (mangrove swamps)
Mangroves In Belize
Islands in Bali/indian ocean commercialised
Rural Areas/Country Side Pollution
tourists go mountain climbing, trekking, walking, rambling, skiing, and for picnics
infra like ski huts and lifts needs to be built for mtn access
users will cause pollution and dmg to paths/trails and cause soil erosion
Himalayas in Nepal
National Parks in the UK
Vegetation Pollution
Trees cut down to clear areas for tourist resorts or provide wood for buildings/heat
deforestation and fires in parks can destroy natural habitats
Tourists coming into forest areas can change natural environments
Amazon Rainforest in Brazil
Wildlife Pollution
unplanned hunting and fishing - negative impact on animal no. - endanger or extinct
Safaris can unsettle animals and cause damage
feeding, breeding and migration patterns of animals can be upset causing decline in numbers
Animals might become used to humans
hunting is still allowed in some places
South Africa or Kenya - safari excursions or illegal hunting trips
Historic Site Pollution
Archaeological sites, historic sites or religious shrines may be visited by huge no. people
Damage can be done by the visitors and can alter the appearance of a place
Mecca in Saudi Arabia
Stonehenge in England
Urban Areas/Tourist Resort Pollution
hotels, rest, pubs and clubs and other ent. fac. will greatly increase urban footprint in a tourist area
incr building puts pressure on infra and increased use of vehicular transport puts more air pollution and congestion in a place
Palma in Mallorca
Congestion in New York
Types of Pollution
WWACHRUV
Water
Wildlife
Atmosphere
Coasts/Islands
Historic Sites
Rural Areas Urban Areas
Vegetation
Overcrowding
US Disney resorts had to start restricting access as they had reached their maximum capacity
issue can be even more pressing in some major global cities - locals refuse to some places in London due to excessive tourists - similar no-go areas appearing in hot spots in Istanbul, NYC and Paris
Honeypot Sites
tourist rsort that attracts a large no. tourists
alot of env and soc pressure put on local area and people
Usually have one particular attribute that surrounding area does not have - attractive scenery or historical interest
e.g. alr millions people visiting Paris - dev Disneyland Paris created another honeypot site
14.8 million visited resort in 2015, top attraction in Northern France
What is social sustainability?
The process that creates a sustainable, successful place emphasizing well-being and understanding people’s needs
In the context of tourism, what does social sustainability focus on?
How people of a particular place retain their ethnic/social/cultural traits while interacting with outsiders
What are the goals of social sustainability in tourism?
To create a better life for all people while maintaining a viable future
What does social sustainability in tourism require?
Respect for human rights and equal opportunities for all
What negative impact can mass tourism have on local communities?
It can create conflict and negatively impact social space and interaction with locals
How does mass tourism affect job roles for locals?
Locals may seek jobs in the service industry instead of traditional jobs
Who is particularly affected by changes due to tourism?
Young people, who may reject traditional customs and roles
What is ‘leakage’ in the context of tourism?
When money generated from tourism is transferred back to another country
What percentage of tourism revenue escapes to MEDCs in Kenya?
Around 17%
What causes leakage in tourism?
Bookings by large multi-national companies or purchasing goods from other countries
What are ethically aware tourists encouraged to do?
Support local businesses to ensure fair travel costs to local suppliers
What issues can arise from tourists not understanding local cultures?
They may belittle local lifestyles and fail to respect cultural heritage and traditions
