Changing Places

Question 1

Define a place

Answer 1

A location with meaning.
Meaningful to individuals in ways that are personal or subjective.
Can be meaningful at a social or cultural level.
Meanings can be shared by different groups of people.

Question 2

What are the three aspects to a place ?

Answer 2

-Location
-Locale
-Sense of place

Question 3

What does Doreen Massey say about places ?

Answer 3

-Places are dynamic and constantly changing
-Places can be effected by internal and external things
-Don’t have one single identity
-Don’t have clearly defined boundaries

Question 4

What is an insider perspective ?

Answer 4

-People who feel like they belong in a certain place
-Strong relationship with the locale of an area
-Strong positive sense of place

Question 5

What is an outsider perspective ?

Answer 5

-People who feel out of place and like they don’t belong in a certain place
-Minimal relationship with the locale
-Negative sense of place

Question 6

What is social exclusion ?

Answer 6

When people are excluded from a group.
Can make them feel like outsiders.

Question 7

What is spatial exclusion ?

Answer 7

When people are excluded from an area.
Can make them feel like outsiders.

Question 8

What are examples of social exclusion groups ?

Answer 8

-Ethnic minorities
-LGBTQ+ communities
-Homeless
-Disabled
-Age
-Immigrants

Question 9

Define positionality

Answer 9

The range of factors which influence how we perceive different places.
e.g. age, race, religion, income

Question 10

What are far and near places ?

Answer 10

-More familiar with near places and less about places further away.
-More interactions are had with places near by and less with further away.

Question 11

How is our relationship with far places changing ?

Answer 11

Development in technology and transport are making far places more accessible.

Question 12

What is an experienced place ?

Answer 12

Somewhere you are familiar with and have memories and emotional attachments associated with it.
e.g. school (go there everyday so very experienced with its environment)

Question 13

What is topophilia ?

Answer 13

The love of a place

Question 14

What is topophobia ?

Answer 14

The fear of a place

Question 15

What is a media place ?

Answer 15

A place that has been made up for something fictional
e.g. Disney and Harry Potter world have become real

Question 16

How can media change and shape someones views of a place ?

Answer 16

People’s expectations of a place can be different to what they’ve seen on social media.

Question 17

What is Paris syndrome ?

Answer 17

A medical condition where people visit Paris and they’re so disappointed they become depressed.

Question 18

Define the character of a place

Answer 18

The physical and human features that help distinguish it from another place

Question 19

What is an endogenous factor ?

Answer 19

The characteristics of the place itself/factors which have originated internally. Aspects like location, physical geography, land use, demographic factors, political factors, socio-economic factors and the built environment.

Question 20

What are exogenous factors ?

Answer 20

The relationship of one place with other places and the external factors which affect this. e.g. shifting flow of people, money, resources and investment.

Question 21

Define globalisation

Answer 21

The growing interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in good and services and international capital flows, and through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.

Question 22

What are the 3 main forms of globalisation ?

Answer 22

-economic (long distance flows of goods, capital and services)
-social (spread of ideas, information, images and people, art, sport, media)
-political (diffusion of government policies, decline of centralised economies)

Question 23

What is placelessness ?

Answer 23

A loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next

Question 24

What is homogenisation ?

Answer 24

Where places become increasingly similar until eventually they are indistinct from each other

Question 25

What is glocalisation ?

Answer 25

A term used to describe the products or services that are distributed globally but are fashioned to appeal to the customers in a local market. e.g. McDonalds have glocalised their menu by using local well known foods in each area. Glocalisation preserve's the idea of a 'place' as it encourages things that are unique to that area.

Question 26

What is localism ?

Answer 26

The belief that services should not be controlled and provided, or goods produced and brought, within a local area for the benefit of people in that area.

Question 27

Define place making

Answer 27

The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community's quality of life.

Question 28

What is re-imaging ?

Answer 28

Dissociates a place from bad pre-existing images in relation to poor housing, social deprivation, high levels of crime and environmental pollution. It can then attract new investment, retailing, tourists and residents.

Question 29

How was Park-Hill re-imaged ?

Answer 29

-Had slum housing (1000 flats for 3000 people), fur pubs, wide selection of shops, nursery, school, doctors, pharmacy, dentist. -Due to collapse of steel industry in 1980's, aided by Margaret thatcher, saw mass unemployment, many dumped in park hill, became branded a sink estate, drugs, burglars. -Urban splash in 2003 changed this -Colourful panels added to frontage, Walls cleaned, community hubs, commercial sites. -Trying to create a positive community based area which is safe and beneficial for local business. -Image is far more positive now and has moved away from the idea of dangerous but not all of the site has been re-imaged so some negative perceptions still remain.

Question 30

What is rebranding ?

Answer 30

The way/ways a place is redeveloped and marketed so that it gains a new identity. It can then attract new investment, retailing, tourists and residents.

Question 31

How was Amsterdam rebranded ?

Answer 31

-Amsterdams's position on several international rankings fell due to increased competition, was also associated with a liberal view on sex and narcotics. -'I Amsterdam' was used in posters and a statue in front of the city's famous Rijksmuseum to reinvent the way in which Amsterdam was globally perceived. -This is now photographed up to 8,000 times a day and spread around the world due to social media -Trying to show that Amsterdam I s a business city and artistic for people who come and visit. - It attracts tourists to other parts of the city -Seen as largely successful as it became a symbol for mass tourism, people now visit the city for other reasons rather than drugs and sex.

Question 32

What is regeneration ?

Answer 32

A long-term process involving redevelopment and the use of social, economic and environmental action to reverse urban decline and create sustainable communities.

Question 33

How was Plymouth regenerated ?

Answer 33

-Needed regenerating as the city was a main target in WW2, decline in industrial centre, lack of active frontages, environmental deprivation. -Aims were to increase employment opportunities, access to waterfront, develop recreational and cultural facilities for locals/tourists and protect and enhance the environment -Gov invested £110 million into the waterfront which generated £500 million of inward investment -Naval wall was removed, inter war houses/flats knocked down, historical landmarks left, new social housing -Improved the physical environment and increased leisure facilities, moved away from the image of a deprived city. -Now businesses are more likely to move to the area as it is more active, also more attractive for residents -Now far less deprived and more modern, but house prices have been pushed up and some people had to leave their homes for regeneration to take place. Some areas have been left behind and are still noticeably deprived.