Regeneration of the London Docklands Flashcards
(14 cards)
Why did regeneration occur ?
-Deindustrialised in 1979
-1 bus service, no train lines
-150,000 worked in or around docks
-started in 1981
What were the docks used for before deindustrialisation?
-Utilised by British economy for important imports and exports and manufacturing for the country
-Victoria dock had the latest technology in dockside cranes and services
-By 1880’s the docks were Londons biggest bases for the cargo industry
What happened in World War 2 ?
Targeted bombing of the Docklands caused extensive damage.
Aim to cripple trade and naval transport.
What caused deindustrialisation?
-Containerisation
-The docks weren’t deep or big enough
-Couldn’t compete with Rotterdam (England’s biggest port)
-Couldn’t complete internationally with cheaper conditions that british dock workers would not
-30,000 jobs lost between 1970-80
-Docks empty by 1989
Define containerisation
The transportation of cargo in containers which can be easily interchanged between ships, trains and trucks by using standardised handling equipment and sized.
Why couldn’t the docklands adapt to containerisation?
-Need deep water for massive ships
-Need good road access to transfer containers
What happened to the docklands after deindustrialisation?
-50% of docklands were derelict
-21% unemployed
-100,000 lost jobs
-A third of housing was inadequate for human housing (slum)
-Inadequate infrastructure of roads, rail, telephone and cable lines
-Docklands stayed intentionally inaccessible to protect goods stored
-London lost 16% of its population due to counter-urbanisation
What government policy encouraged the regeneration ?
-Thatchers gov
-Market-led regeneration
-Property-led regeneration
-Government action allowed tax breaks and deregulation and increases working hour allowance (encourage businesses to set up)
Explain the regeneration of canary Wharf
-Gained £10 from private investors for every £1 the LDDC spent
-.created 5.9 million square feet of office and retail space
-Employed 100,000 workers (replaces jobs that were lost)
-100,000 commuters now work there
-Didn’t create employment for the people who originally lost jobs as attracted young-professionals and changed the socio-economic characteristics
Explain how the transport was developed in the london docklands regeneration
-Jubilee line extension was completed in 1999
-Limehouse link
-Bridges across docklands
-Docklands Light railway (DLR)
What is the DLR
-Docklands Light Railway
-Opened in 1987
-Covers most of docklands
-Cost £37 million
-Now operates full service (used to stop in evenings and was limited on weekends)
-Made Canary Wharf easily accessible
Positive impacts of the regeneration
-London now a major finance centre
-Canary Wharf plans to double in size by 2025 allowing economic growth
-Restored 600,000 jobs in manufacturing
-Improved urban environment
-Large housing spaces created out of derelict land next to thames has gentrified the area
-Without out the regeneration it’s unlikely London would be Alpha ++
Negative impacts of regeneration
-Fails to bring wealth to locals
-Canning town is one of the poorest areas of london 2.5km away from canary wharf
-Drove a social split between new eastenders and former dock workers
-East London still suffers deprivation, poor health and environmental quality
-No investment in environment so no open space for people
-Drove house prices up pushing out locals
House prices in London docklands compared to canning town ?
London docklands 2022 flats ranged from £300,000 to £8 million for a penthouse
Can ting town 3 bed terrace house £200,000 and 1 bed flat £125,000
