Mumbai Flashcards
(9 cards)
Where is Mumbai and general facts
-The West coast of India
-Capital of the state Maharashtra
-India’s largest city
-Population of 23 million
-Financial and commercial centre of India
-Home to Bollywood
Explain the economic and social well-being of Mumbai
-Mumbai’s population has more than doubled since 1991
-Population is diverse, 16 major languages are spoken
-Around 60% of Mumbaikers live in slums
-Average Indian would need to work 3 centuries to pay for a luxury home in Mumbai
-In 2015, accounted for 33% of India’s income tax, 6.16% of GDP, 25% of industrial output and 40% of foreign trade
Explain the Dharavi slum
- A mangrove swamp that has been inhabited
-In the centre of Mumbai
What are the positives of Dharavi ?
-Home to thousands of micro-industries
- Generates $650 million worth of goods annually
-Dharavi redevelopment project provided 2000 with a 300 sq ft house for free
What are the negatives of Dharavi ?
-300,000 people per square kilometre
-Poor infrastructure quality
-1,000 people to one toilet
-Water and electricity not always available
-Inadequate hygiene standards
-Dharavi redevelopment project is putting community networks and businesses at risk
-Is a key target for developer eager to make money from the construction of luxury apartments
What is the nature and impact of the physical environment of Mumbai ?
-Mumbai has a tropical climate
-South-west monsoon brings heavy rainfall, can have devastating impacts as low-lying
-In 2019 250mm in one day in August and 403mm in 4 days in September (monthly average is 341mm)
-400 died, 10,000 homes destroyed, electricity, water supply, communication networks shut down
-Urban growth partly to blame as water has nowhere to go
-Rapid and uncontrollable development had replaced most of the public parks, private gardens, beaches, mangroves and wetlands with a built environment
What are some environmental issues in Mumbai ?
-Less than 0.3 acres of open space per 1000 people compared to 12 in London
-7.5 million commuters use the trains daily
-Discards 11,000 metric tons of rubbish daily
-Informal recycling carried out by some Mumbaikers, no clear gov separation or recycling scheme
-700,000 cars on heavily congested roads (growth of 57% in 8 years)
What is the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan ?
-In response to flooding in 2005
-Identifies risks and vulnerabilities the city could face in earthquakes/cyclones
-Widened and deepened Mithi river which drains out to Arabian Sea
-Disaster Management Cell to coordinate relief and rescue efforts
-Shows government is keen to address major flood issue
-Environmentalists are concerned that there are too many factors which make Mumbai vulnerable to flooding : continued construction on floodplain, removal of mangroves, clogging of storm drains and waterways with plastic
-IPCC has predicted that increase in rainfall, heat, humidity and sea-level rise could make Mumbai the 2nd most at risk city in the world
What does the future look like for Mumbai ?
-Economic growth has brought wealth to many in Mumbai and housing projects are trying to address the shortage of housing
-The megacity is struggling to cope with the rapid growth
-Services are stretched or non-existent
-Air and water supplies are polluted
-Inequality is growing, over half the population still lives in slums
-Indian gov has pledged to make cities like Mumbai ‘smarter’ in terms of the economy and environment
-NGO’s have been trying to improve the lives of slum dwellers
-Mumbai still faces considerable environmental pressures
-Much greater investment and planning is essential if the city is to become truly sustainable
