Chap. 12 (Vocab.)

Question 1

Cell Division

Answer 1

Reproduction of Cells

Question 2

Cell Cycle

Answer 2

Events in a cell as it grows and divides

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

Complete set of DNA in an organism

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Carries genes made of DNA

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

DNA + proteins that make chromosomes

Question 6

Somatic Cells

Answer 6

All body cells that contain 46 chromosomes

Question 7

Gamete Cells (Reproductive)

Answer 7

Egg and sperm that have 23 chromosomes each

Question 8

Sister Chromatids

Answer 8

(X) Copies of original chromosome with identical DNA

Question 9

Centromere

Answer 9

Region in chromosome where sister chromatids are attached to each other

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

Cell division resulting in 2 identical daughter cells

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

Cell division in reproductive cells results in 4 daughter cells with half of the chromosomes

Question 12

Cytokinesis

Answer 12

Division of cytoplasm

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

Cell grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division

Question 14

G-1 Phase

Answer 14

Cell grows + makes organelles

Question 15

Synthesis Phase

Answer 15

Cell copies its DNA

Question 16

G-2

Answer 16

Cell prepares to divide

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosome

Question 18

Prometaphase

Answer 18

Nuclear membrane breaks apart into many membrane vesicles

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up in middle of cell

Question 20

Anaphase

Answer 20

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of cell

Question 21

Telophase

Answer 21

New nuclear envelopes form around 2 chromosomes + cell begins to divide into daughter cells

Question 22

Miotic Phase

Answer 22

Phase of cell cycle that includes miosis and cytokinesis

Question 23

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 23

Structure responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into two distinct daughter cells by pulling them apart towards opposite poles of the cell during cell division
- Formed in cytoplasm duting prophase

Question 24

Centrosome

Answer 24

1. Cellular structure involved in cell division
2. It duplicates and 2 centrosomes move to different ends of cell
3. Contains pair of centriole
4. Animal cells

Question 25

Kinetochore

Answer 25

Structure of proteins attached to centromere that links sister chromatid to miotic spindle

Question 26

Metaphase Plate

Answer 26

Imaginary line where chromosomes line up in metaphase

Question 27

Cleavage

Answer 27

Cell division that occurs after fertilization

Question 28

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 28

Indentation that forms on the surface of an animal cell during cytokinesis (cell division)

Question 29

Cell Plate

Answer 29

Structure that forms in the middle of a dividing plant cell, acting as the foundation for the new cell wall that will separate the two daughter cells during cytokinesis

Question 30

Binary Fission

Answer 30

Asexual reproduction where a cell splits into two identical daughter cells (prokaryotic cells)

Question 31

Origin of Replication

Answer 31

SIte where replication of DNA begins

Question 32

Cell Cycle Control System

Answer 32

Protein network that regulates phases of cell cycle

Question 33

Checkpoint

Answer 33

Control point in cell cycle where stop and go regulate cycle

Question 34

Cyclin

Answer 34

Protein that regulates cell cycle

Question 35

Cyclin-dependent Kinase

Answer 35

Protein kinase active only when attached to specific cyclin

Question 36

MPF

Answer 36

Protein regulator to transition a cell from the G2 phase into mitosis by phosphorylating various proteins necessary for cell division

Question 37

G0 Phase

Answer 37

Resting state where a cell is not actively dividing or preparing to divide

Question 38

Growth Factor

Answer 38

Protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide

Question 39

Density-dependent Inhibition

Answer 39

Crowded cells stop dividing

Question 40

Anchorage Dependence

Answer 40

Cell must be attached to substrate to initiate cell division

Question 41

Transformation

Answer 41

Significant change in a cell's properties by uptaking new DNA

Question 42

Benign Tumor

Answer 42

Stay in their primary location without invading other sites of the body

Question 43

Malignant Tumor

Answer 43

Cancerous mass of tissue that grows and spreads uncontrollably

Question 44

Metastasis

Answer 44

Spread of cancer cells distant from original site

Question 45

Kinase

Answer 45

Enzyme that catalyzes transfer of phosphate group from ATP to a substrate