Chap. 3 + 4 Vocab.

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

Attraction between molecules of same substance

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

Attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 3

Surface Tension

Answer 3

Measure of difficulty to stretch or break surface of a liquid

Question 4

Polar Molecule

Answer 4

Moleculw with uneven distribution of charges in different regions (One end is positive and the other is neg.)

Question 5

Thermal Energy

Answer 5

Total kinetic energy contained within a substance (overall heat of an object, depends on quantity of substnace)

Question 6

Temperature

Answer 6

Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance (does not depend on quantity of substance)

Question 7

Heat

Answer 7

Transfer of thermal energy from one object to another due to a temperature difference

Question 8

Calorie (cal)

Answer 8

Measures the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Question 9

Kilocalorie (kcal)

Answer 9

1,000 calories

Question 10

Joule

Answer 10

Measure of energy (1j=.239 cal)

Question 11

Specific Heat

Answer 11

Heat required to raise the temperature of a substance

Question 12

Vaporization

Answer 12

Molecules in a liquid stay together, when they move fast enough some depart and leave as gas

Question 13

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 13

Quantity of heat a liquid must absorbs to convert into a gas

Question 14

Evaporation Cooling

Answer 14

Cool air by using the evaporation of water

Question 15

Solvent

Answer 15

Substance dissolving

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

Substance being dissolved

Question 17

Solution

Answer 17

Result of solute dissolving in solvent

Question 18

Aqueous Solution

Answer 18

Solution where water is solvent

Question 19

Hydration Shell

Answer 19

Layer of water molecules surrounding an ion or molecule in aqueous solution

Question 20

Hydrophilic

Answer 20

Affinity for water

Question 21

Hydrophobic

Answer 21

No affinity for water

Question 22

Molecular Mass

Answer 22

Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule

Question 23

Mole

Answer 23

Measurement representing a specific number of particles (6.022 x 10^23) of a substance; Quantity of particles

Question 24

Hydrogen Ion (H+)

Answer 24

Single proton with one positive charge

Question 25

Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

Answer 25

Water molecule that lost a proton; 1 Oxygen with 1 Hydrogen

Question 26

Hydronium Ion

Answer 26

Water molecule with extra proton; 1 Oxygen with 3 Hydrogen

Question 27

Acid

Answer 27

Substance that increases hydrogen ion of a solution

Question 28

Base

Answer 28

Substance that reduces hydrogen ion of a solution

Question 29

Weak Acid

Answer 29

Releases donates small portions of hydrogen ions

Question 30

Strong Acid

Answer 30

Releases all hydrogen ions

Question 31

Strong Base

Answer 31

Releases all hydroxide ions

Question 32

Weak Base

Answer 32

Releases small portion of hydroxide ions

Question 33

pH

Answer 33

Measure of hydrogen ion

Question 34

Buffer

Answer 34

Resist change in pH by absorbing/releasing H+ ion; made of weak acid

Question 35

Organic Chemistry

Answer 35

Study of carbon compunds

Question 36

Isomer

Answer 36

Same number of atoms of same elements and diff. structures + properties

Question 37

Structural Isomer

Answer 37

Compounds with same molecular formula but diff. in covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 38

Cis-Trans Isomer

Answer 38

Same molecular formula + covalent bonds but diff. spacial arrangement in atoms

Question 39

X

Answer 39

Atom bonded attached to a double-bonded carbon

Question 40

Enantiomers

Answer 40

Compounds that mirror images of each other due to asymmetrical carbon

Question 41

Asymmetrical Carbon

Answer 41

Carbon atom bonded to 4 different types of atoms

Question 42

Functional Group

Answer 42

Atoms in a molecule that have similar chemical properties in various compounds

Question 43

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Answer 43

Molecule that stores + provides energy for cells in a living organism

Question 44

Mass

Answer 44

Amount of matter in an object

Question 45

Volume

Answer 45

How much space an object occupies

Question 46

Density

Answer 46

How tightly packed that matter is within a volume