Chap. 14 (Vocab.)

Question 1

Character

Answer 1

Heritable feature (category)

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Specific variations within the character

Question 3

True-breeding

Answer 3

Organisms that are homozygous for genes, meaning they have the same alleles

Question 4

Hybridization

Answer 4

Process of breeding two genetically different organisms to produce offspring that inherits traits from both parents

Question 5

P Generation

Answer 5

Original pair of parents used in a genenetic cross

Question 6

F1 Generation

Answer 6

First generation bred from a pair of parents

Question 7

F2 Generation

Answer 7

Second generation that came from F1 generation

Question 8

Alleles

Answer 8

Alternative versions of a gene

Question 9

Dominant Allele

Answer 9

Allele fully expressed in phenotype of heterozygote

Question 10

Recessive Allele

Answer 10

Allele whose phenotype effect is not apparent in heterozygote

Question 11

Homozygote

Answer 11

Pair of identical alleles for a gene
- It will always turn out the same

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Has 2 different alleles for a gene

Question 13

Law of Segregation (1st)

Answer 13

Individuals have two alleles for each gene, but only one is passed on to their offspring

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

Apparent physical + physiological traits of an organism

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

Alleles an organism has for a specific gene

Question 16

Testcross

Answer 16

Experiment that crosses an organism with an UK genotype with one with a recessive one to figure out the UKs organisms genotype

Question 17

Monohybrids

Answer 17

Individual that is heterozygous for 1 gene

Question 18

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 18

Genetic mating between two organisms that differ in only 1 trait

Question 19

Dihybrid

Answer 19

Individual that is heterozygous for 2 genes

Question 20

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 20

Genetic mating between two organisms that differ in 2 traits

Question 21

Law of Independent Assortment (2nd)

Answer 21

Genes are sorted into gametes independently of each other

Question 22

Multiplication Rule

Answer 22

Probability of events occurring together can be calculated by multiplying individual probabilities of events

Question 23

Addition Rule

Answer 23

Probability that any one of the events will occur is calculated by adding their individuals probabilities

Question 24

Complete Domination

Answer 24

Allele of agene completely masks effect of another

Question 25

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 25

Dominant allele does not completely block effects of recessive allele

Question 26

Codominance

Answer 26

No allele can block expression of another

Question 27

Pleiotropy

Answer 27

Ability of single gene to have multiple effects

Question 28

Epistasis

Answer 28

Expression of one gene is modified by the expression of another gene

Question 29

Quantitative Characters

Answer 29

Trait that can be measured numerically

Question 30

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 30

Pattern where multiple genes work together to control a single trait

Question 31

Multifactorial

Answer 31

Trait caused by more than one factor (genetically + environmental)

Question 32

Pedigree

Answer 32

Relationship between family + inheritance of traits through generations

Question 33

Carriers

Answer 33

Person who has one copy of a mutated (changed) disease-causing gene but has no symptoms or mild symptoms

Question 34

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 34

Genetic disease, causing body to produce mucus that blocks airways

Question 35

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Answer 35

Sample of placenta is removed for analysis to detect defect