chap 13 key takeaways

Question 1

null hypothesis testing is a formal approach to deciding whether a:

Answer 1

statistical relationship in a sample reflects a real relationship in the population or is just due to chance

Question 2

the logic of null hypothesis testing involves:

Answer 2

assuming that the null hypothesis is true, finding how likely the sample result would be if this assumption were correct, then making a decision

Question 3

if the sample result would be unlikely if the null hypothesis were true, then

Answer 3

it is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis. and if not unlikely, then null hypothesis would be retained

Question 4

the p value is:

Answer 4

the probability of obtaining the sample result if the null hypothesis were true

Question 5

the p value is based on these two considerations:

Answer 5

relationship strength and sample size

Question 6

true or false: statistical significance is the same as relationship strength or importance:

Answer 6

false

Question 7

the most common null hypothesis test:

Answer 7

the t test

Question 8

the one-sample t test is used for:

Answer 8

comparing one sample mean with a hypothetical population mean of interest

Question 9

the dependent samples t test is used to:

Answer 9

compare two means in a within-subjects design

Question 10

the independent samples t test is used to:

Answer 10

compare two means in a between-subjects design

Question 11

to compare more than two means, the most common null hypothesis test is the

Answer 11

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Question 12

the one-way ANOVA is used for:

Answer 12

between subjects designs with one independent variable

Question 13

the repeated measures ANOVA is used for:

Answer 13

within-subjects designs

Question 14

the factorial ANOVA is used for:

Answer 14

factorial designs

Question 15

A null hypothesis test of Pearson’s r is used to

Answer 15

compare a sample value of Pearson’s r with a hypothetical population value of 0

Question 16

true or false: The decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis is not guaranteed to be correct.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

a type 1 error occurs when:

Answer 17

one rejects the null hypothesis when it is true

Question 18

a type 2 error occurs when:

Answer 18

one fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

Question 19

The statistical power of a research design is the

Answer 19

probability of rejecting the null hypothesis given the expected strength of the relationship of the population and sample size

Question 20

Null hypothesis testing has been criticized on the grounds that

Answer 20

researchers misunderstand it, that it is illogical, and that it is uninformative.

Question 21

In recent years psychology has grappled with a failure to

Answer 21

replicate research findings

Question 22

One response to this “replicability crisis” has been the

Answer 22

emergence of open science practices, which increase the transparency and openness of the research process