lecture 9

Question 1

order in choice: effects of serial position on preferences study

Answer 1

take series of 5 different types of wine within the same varietal wine. asked at the end which one they preferred. wanted to see if bond with the first thing we taste was true

Question 2

results of wine study:

Answer 2

they all seemed to like the first wine they tasted the best. interpret that people have a preference with the first thing they encounter. even with low knowledge of wine compared to high knowledge

Question 3

internal validity:

Answer 3

did the IV produce the results seen in the DV?

Question 4

eternal validity:

Answer 4

do results apply to populations and situations that are different from those of the experiment?

Question 5

generalization:

Answer 5

applying the results from an experiment to a different situation or population

Question 6

history threat to internal validity:

Answer 6

if historical events that could affect the DV occur between two measurements

Question 7

maturation threat to internal validity:

Answer 7

if participants change simply due to the passage of time

Question 8

testing threat to internal validity:

Answer 8

if participants respond differently on the second measure of a DV simply because they’ve been tested before

Question 9

instrumentation threat to internal validity:

Answer 9

when your instruments or observers change

Question 10

statistical regression (to the mean) threat to internal validity:

Answer 10

participants with extreme scores are likely to change towards the mean on a subsequent measurement

Question 11

selection threat to internal validity:

Answer 11

if groups of participants are selected in such a way that groups are not equivalent before the experiment

Question 12

mortality threat to internal validity:

Answer 12

if people drop out of the experiment at different rates for different conditions

Question 13

diffusion or imitation or treatments threat to internal validity:

Answer 13

if participants learn about treatments of other groups and copy them

Question 14

interactions with selection threat to internal validity:

Answer 14

if participants in different groups show differences on another variable (ie maturation, history or instrumentation) that vary by groups

Question 15

interaction of testing and treatment threat to external validity:

Answer 15

give participants a pretest that changes their reaction to a post test

Question 16

multiple treatment interference threat to external validity:

Answer 16

when multiple treatments are responsible for the results

Question 17

reactive arrangement threat to external validity:

Answer 17

if experimental situation changes participants behavior

Question 18

interaction of selection and treatment threat to external validity:

Answer 18

when findings apply only to the groups selected for the experiment

Question 19

threat to external validity due to our participants:

Answer 19

reliance on college students and reliance on white rats

Question 20

threat to external validity due to experimenter/perspective:

Answer 20

lack of focus on understanding females, minorities, and non Americans