chap 2 chem

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

the basic unit of matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons
They are useful because tey are the fundamental building blocks of matter. One example is a hydrogen atom.

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

substance that consists of only one type of atom and can’t be broken down into similar substances, elements are useful because they are also basic building blocks of all matter. One example is oxygen.

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

a substance made from two or more diff elements that are chemically bonded together
Compounds are useful because they create very important new elements. One example is h2o

Question 4

ion

Answer 4

atom or molecule that’s gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative change
They play vital roles in various chemical and biological processes. One example is sodium.

Question 5

ionic bond

Answer 5

when one atom gives an electron to another atom making them stick together because opposite charges
They are useful because they form many important types of compounds. One example is sodium chloride.

Question 6

Covalent bond

Answer 6

when two atoms share electrons
Important because it forms the backbone of many important molecules. One example is H2o

Question 7

Molecule-

Answer 7

group of atoms bonded together
An example is sodium chloride.

Question 8

Hydrogen bond

Answer 8

weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom in another molecule

Question 9

Cohesion-

Answer 9

when molecules of the same substance stick together

Question 10

adhesion

Answer 10

when molecules of different substances stick together

Question 11

Solution

Answer 11

a mixture where one substance is dissolved in another

Question 12

Solvent

Answer 12

a substance that dissolves another substance

Question 13

Solute-

Answer 13

is the substance that gets dissolv/L ed

Question 14

Acid

Answer 14

substance that donates hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 15

Base

Answer 15

substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 16

pH-

Answer 16

a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

Question 17

monomer

Answer 17

small molecule that can bind to other similar molecules to create a polymer

Question 18

polymer

Answer 18

large molecule made up of monomers joined together

Question 19

carbohydrate

Answer 19

type of molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen, it gives the body energy

Question 20

lipid

Answer 20

type of molecule that include fats,oils, and waxes

Question 21

Fatty acid-

Answer 21

chain of carbon bonded to hydrogen with a carboxyl group at the end, the building blocks of fats and oils

Question 22

Protein-

Answer 22

large molecule made up of amino acids thats essential for tissue in the body

Question 23

Amino acid -

Answer 23

small molecule that is the building block of proteins

Question 24

Nucleic acid -

Answer 24

large molecule that stores and transmits genetic information (like dna rna)

Question 25

Chemical reaction-

Answer 25

a process where substances change into new substances with different properties

Question 26

Reactant

Answer 26

substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction

Question 27

Product-

Answer 27

a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction

Question 28

bond energy

Answer 28

bond energy is the amount of energy needed to break a chemical bond between two atoms

Question 29

equilibrium

Answer 29

a state where the forward and reverse actions occur simultaneously at the same rate.

Question 30

Activation energy-

Answer 30

minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to start

Question 31

Exothermic-

Answer 31

a process or reaction that releases energy.

Question 32

Endothermic

Answer 32

a process or reaction that absorbs energy

Question 33

Catalyst-

Answer 33

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed

Question 34

Enzyme-

Answer 34

protein that acts as a catalyst in living organisms