Chap 23

Question 0

Boyle’s Law-physics of gases

Answer 0

Gases move from high to low pressure
Pressures of a gas is determined by its volume
Increased vol-decreases pressure
Decreased vol-increased pressure

Question 1

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 1

Breathing

Question 2

What is inspiration?

Answer 2

Inhaling 
Active process(requires energy)
Diaphragm and intercostals contract
Inc volume of thoracic cavity 
Dec pressure of thoracic cavity below atmospheric pressure

Question 3

What is expiration?

Answer 3

Exhaling 
Passive process(no energy required)
Diaphragm and intercostals relax 
Dec volume of thoracic cavity
Inc pressure of thoracic cavity above atmospheric pressure

Question 4

What is Henry’s law?

Answer 4

Each gas has a unique solubility coefficient/ solubility influenced by partial pressure

Question 5

What is Dalton’s law?

Answer 5

Gases in a mixture are independent of one another
.Total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressure of each gas
.gases move from high partial pressure to low partial pressure

Question 6

What is external expiration?

Answer 6

Gas exchange between alveoli and blood

Oxygen to blood; carbon dioxide to alveoli

Question 7

What is internal expiration?

Answer 7

Gas exchange between blood and tissues
.Oxygen to tissues; carbon dioxide to blood
. Work according to Dalton’s and Henry’s law just like external respiration

Question 8

What is tidal lung volume?

Answer 8

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled at rest (ca. 500 ml)

Question 9

What is inspiratory reserve?

Answer 9

Additional amount of air beyond tidal that can be inhaled (ca. 3000 ml)

Question 10

What is expiratory reserve?

Answer 10

Additional amount of air beyond tidal that can be exhaled (ca.1200 ml)

Question 11

What is residual volume?

Answer 11

Cannot be measured by spirometry and amounts to about 1200 ml in males and 1100 in females

Question 12

What is vital capacity?

Answer 12

Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in one breath
*V.C. = tidal + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve

Question 13

What is functional residual capacity?

Answer 13

Amount of air remaining in respiratory tract at rest

* F.R. = residual + expiratory reserve

Question 14

Total Capacity of System

Answer 14

*Total = Tidal + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve + residual

Question 15

This is carried by hemoglobin:

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

Hemoglobin binding is affected by:

Answer 16

• Atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen- low pressure, less binding
• PH- more acidic, less binding
• Temperature- higher temp, less binding

Question 17

Carbon Dioxide Transport:

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide- transported as carbonic acid

* CO2 + H2O = H2CO3

Question 18

What is the Inspiratory area?

Answer 18

Spontaneously active (like the SA node of heart) set resting respiration rate (12-15)

Question 19

What is the expiratory area?

Answer 19

Forced expiration when active (expiratory reserve)

Question 20

What is the pneumotaxic area?

Answer 20

Decreased inspiration, increased expiration

Question 21

What is the apneustic area?

Answer 21

Increased inspiration, decreased expiration

Question 22

What is pleurisy?

Answer 22

Inflammation of pleural membrane

. Generates pain as one inhales

Question 23

What is pneumonia?

Answer 23

Inflammation of the alveoli

. Alveoli fill up with fluid limiting gas exchange

Question 24

What is emphysema?

Answer 24

Alveoli lose elasticity . Alveolar wall eventually disintegrates . Caused by exposure to atmospheric toxins

Question 25

What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 25

Alveoli lack surfactant . Alveoli collapse and inner wall adheres together, don't re inflate . Due to genetic mutation

Question 26

What is tuberculosis?

Answer 26

. Begins as inflammation of pleural membrane . Inflammation spend to lung tissue . Lung tissues gradually destroyed

Question 27

What is asthma?

Answer 27

Spasm of bronchiole smooth muscle | . Initiated by allergic response, inflammatory , etc.