Chap 5

Question 1

Gap junction

Answer 1

Channels link cytoplasm of adjacent cells and allow ions and nutrients to move between them

Question 2

Desmosome

Answer 2

Rivets or spot welds skin cells

Reinforced structural unit

Question 3

Tight junction

Answer 3

Type of intercellular junction

The membranes of adjacent cells converge and fuse

Question 4

Apical surface

Answer 4

Exposed to the outside or internally to an open space

Question 5

Basement membrane

Answer 5

anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue

Question 6

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 6

Single layer of thin, flattened cells that fit tightly together

Question 7

Simple cuboidal

Answer 7

Single layer of cube shaped cells

Question 8

Simple columnar

Answer 8

Single layer of elongated cells

Question 9

Stratified squamous

Answer 9

Many layers of cells relatively thick
Cells at the surface are flattened
Outermost layer of skin

Question 10

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 10

Two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form lining of a lumen
Lines ducts of glands

Question 11

Stratified columnar

Answer 11

Several layers of cells

Superficial cells are elongated and basal layers are cube shaped

Question 12

Pseudostratified columnar

Answer 12

Appear stratified or layered but are not

All reach basement membrane although some don’t reach free surface

Question 13

Endocrine

Answer 13

Glands that secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood

Question 14

Exocrine

Answer 14

Glands that secrete products into ducts that open onto surfaces like skin or lining of digestive tract

Question 15

Simple

Answer 15

Communicates with surface by means of a duct that does not branch before reaching the glandular cells of secretory portion

Question 16

Compound

Answer 16

Has a duct that branches repeatedly before reaching the secretory portion

Question 17

Tubular

Answer 17

Glands that consist of epithelial lines tubes

Question 18

Alveolar

Answer 18

Those whose terminal portions form saclike dilations

Question 19

Merocrine

Answer 19

Glands that release fluid products by exocytosis

Question 20

Apocrine

Answer 20

Glands that lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion

Question 21

Holocrine

Answer 21

Glands that release entire cells which then disintegrate and then liberate their secretions

Question 22

Extracellular matrix

Answer 22

Composed of protein fivers and a ground substance

Between connective tissues

Question 23

Ground substance

Answer 23

In extracellular matrix
Consists of nonfibrous proteins and other molecules and fluid
Binds, supports, and provides a medium that substances can be transferred between blood and cells of tissue

Question 24

Fibroblasts

Answer 24

Large star shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into extracellular matrix of connective tissue
Most common fixed cell in connective

Question 25

Mast cells

Answer 25

Large and widely distributed connective tissues usually near blood vessels Release heparin to prevent blood clotting Release histamine that promotes reactions with inflammation and allergies

Question 26

Macrophages

Answer 26

``` Originate as white blood cells Attached to fibers but can detach and move Carry phagocytosis Clears foreign particles Role in immunity ```

Question 27

Collagen fibers

Answer 27

Think threads of protein collagen the major structural protein Grouped in long parallel bundles and are flexible Resist considerable pulling force

Question 28

Elastic fibers

Answer 28

Springlike protein called elastin Branch forming complex network of tissues Weaker but elastic Easily stretched and return to positions

Question 29

Reticular fibers

Answer 29

Thin collagenous fibers | Highly branches and form delicate supporting networks

Question 30

Areolar

Answer 30

Forms delicate, thin membranes | Binds skin to underlying organs and fills space between muscles

Question 31

Adipose

Answer 31

Develops when certain cells store fat in droplets in their cytoplasm Lies beneath skin, fills space between muscles Around kidneys, behind eyeballs, surface of heart

Question 32

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 32

Composed of thin collagenous fibers in three dimensional network Provides organ framework Liver, spleen, lymphatic

Question 33

Dense regular

Answer 33

Many, closely packed, think collagenous fibers Very strong enable tissues to withstand pulling forces Binds tendons and ligaments Poor blood supply

Question 34

Dense irregular

Answer 34

Thinker, interwoven, randomly organized Sustains tension from different directions In dermis the inner skin layer

Question 35

Elastic tissue

Answer 35

Yellow, elastic fibers in parallel strands or in branching networks Attachments between bones of spinal column Larger arteries and larger airways

Question 36

Chondrocyte

Answer 36

Cartilage cells occupy small chambers called lacunae and are within extracellular matrix

Question 37

Perichondrium

Answer 37

Encloses cartilaginous structure Contains blood vessels Give nutrients to Chondrocyte

Question 38

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 38

Most common type of cartilage Fine collagenous fibers Looks like white glass Ends of bones and soft part of nose, rings in respiratory passages Important to development and growth of bones

Question 39

Elastic cartilage

Answer 39

More flexible cartilage Dense network of elastic fibers External ears and parts of larynx

Question 40

Fibrocartilage

Answer 40

Very tough tissue Many collagenous fibers Shock absorber Form pads between individual bones of spinal column also in knees and pelvic

Question 41

Adip-

Answer 41

Fat

Question 42

Chondr-

Answer 42

Cartilage

Question 43

Cyt-

Answer 43

Cell

Question 44

Epi-

Answer 44

Upon, after, in addition

Question 45

-glia

Answer 45

Glue

Question 46

Hist-

Answer 46

Web, tissue

Question 47

Hyal-

Answer 47

Resemblance to glass

Question 48

Inter-

Answer 48

Among, between

Question 49

Macr-

Answer 49

Large

Question 50

Neur-

Answer 50

Nerve

Question 51

Os-

Answer 51

Bone

Question 52

Phag-

Answer 52

To eat

Question 53

Pseud-

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Squam-

Answer 54

Scale

Question 55

Strat-

Answer 55

Layer

Question 56

Stria-

Answer 56

Groove