chap 5 integumentary system

Question 1

integumentary system

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

composition of integumentary system

Answer 2

skin

skin derivatives

Question 3

skin derivatives

Answer 3

sweat glands

oil glands

hair

nails

Question 4

skin functions

Answer 4

protects deeper tissue

aids in heat regulation

aids in excretion of urea and uric acids

synthesizes vitamin D

detection of stimuli

Question 5

types of tissue damage

Answer 5

mechanical

chemical

bacterial

thermal

ultraviolet

dessication

Question 6

dessication

Answer 6

helps from drying out

Question 7

heat regulation

Answer 7

vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 8

sweat

Answer 8

urea and uric acids

Question 9

structure of skin

Answer 9

epidermis

dermis

hypodermic (subcutaneous)

Question 10

epidermis

Answer 10

made up of stratified squamos epithelium

keratinocytes form several layers

melanin found here

Question 11

layers of epidermis

Answer 11

stratum basale

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

stratum corneum

Question 12

stratum basale functions

Answer 12

origin of keratinocytes for superficial strate

high mitotic activy (cell division)

contains melanocyes (keratinocyte that has melanin); melanin goes on sunny side

Question 13

what is in the stratum spinosum?

Answer 13

dendrite cells

Question 14

what happens in the statum granulosum?

Answer 14

keratin granules starting to show

secrete glycolipid, border between living and dead

stoppage of water

Question 15

what is stratum corneum?

Answer 15

located at exposed surface of skin

protective barrier of dead, durable, and expendable cells

cells are filled with keratin

Question 16

melanin

Answer 16

pigment produced by melanocytes

amount produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight

Question 17

albinism

Answer 17

failure to produce tyrosinase

genetic mutation that results in not having the genetic code to make the protein tyrsoinase (enzyme) that produces melanin in the body

Question 18

layers of dermis

Answer 18

papillary layer

reticular layer

Question 19

whats in the pappillary layer?

Answer 19

supports and nourishes underlying epidermis

projections called dermal papillae

pain receptors

capillary loops

less fibers allows for WBC movement

Question 20

whats in the reticular layer?

Answer 20

loaded with collagen and elastic fibers

blood vessels

glands

nerve receptors

Question 21

hypodermic (subcutaneous)

Answer 21

not part of skin

anchors skin to underlying organs

composed mostly of adipose tissue

when it is loaded with fat, called saturated subcutaneous

Question 22

appendages of the skin

Answer 22

sebaceous glands

sweat glands

hair

nails

Question 23

sebaceous glands

Answer 23

produce sebum (oil); lubricant

ducts empty into hair follicle

glands are activated at puberty (hormone control)

Question 24

types of sweat glands

Answer 24

widely distributed under skin

eccrine (merocrine)

apocrine (puberty)

Question 25

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 25

coiled portion in dermis, open via duct to pore on skin surface most numerous helps dissipate excess heat through evaporative cooling; hot water leaves the body to cool us down

Question 26

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 26

puberty ducts empty into hair follics axillary and pubic areas activated by stress, pain, and sexual excitement fatty acid and protein excretion; break down of bacteria produces body odor

Question 27

modified sweat glands

Answer 27

ceruminous glands mammary glands

Question 28

ceruminous glands

Answer 28

produce cerumen (earwax)

Question 29

hair

Answer 29

strand of dead, hard keratinzed epithelial cells projecting from a tunnel in the epidermal and dermal layers (hair follicle)

Question 30

hair follice

Answer 30

tunnel that hair grows in formed by mitotically active stratum basale cells melanocytes provide pigment for hait color dermal cappillaries provide blood supply

Question 31

parts of hair

Answer 31

bulb root shaft

Question 32

arrector pili function

Answer 32

smooth muscle makes hair stand on end senses movement

Question 33

teratogenic

Answer 33

messes up embryo

Question 34

rogaine is

Answer 34

minoxidil

Question 35

nails structures

Answer 35

nail fold eponychium nail body

Question 36

nail body

Answer 36

sheet of hard keratin attached to nail bed lunule more oxygen in blood, more red will appear

Question 37

lunule

Answer 37

crescent shaped vascular are at proximal end of the nail bed and visible through the nail

Question 38

injection sites

Answer 38

intradermal subcutaneous intramuscular intravenous

Question 39

intradermal (ID)

Answer 39

in dermis 10-15 angle skin allergy tests botox and collagen

Question 40

subcutaneous (SQ)

Answer 40

below skin 45 angle insulin

Question 41

intramuscular (IM)

Answer 41

if small amounts faster than SQ cuz of high vascularity

Question 42

intravenous (IV)

Answer 42

fastest method less pressure, faster delivery thats why through veins instead of arteries

Question 43

blisters

Answer 43

fluid filled pocket between epidermis and dermis stress on skin

Question 44

lines of cleavage

Answer 44

formed by uniform alignment of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 45

stretch mark

Answer 45

tearing of dermis due to rapid stretch pregnancy, fat, muscle build

Question 46

decubitus ulcers (bed sores)

Answer 46

blood supply due to weight of body restricted, leads to ischemia, then necrosis bacterial infections result

Question 47

associated dangers of burns

Answer 47

dehydration electrolyte imbalance circulatory shock infection

Question 48

rule of nines

Answer 48

head - 9 arms - 9+9=18 body - 36 legs - 18 + 18 = 36 pubic - 1 anterior and posterior

Question 49

severity of burns

Answer 49

1st - redness and swelling; epidermis only 2nd - blistering; epidermis and part of dermis 3rd - destruction; death of tissue through entire dermis

Question 50

skin cancer types

Answer 50

basal cell carcinoma squamos cell carcinoma

Question 51

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 51

least malignant arises from stratum basale cells that go on to invade underlying dermis and hypodermis goes down instead of up shiny dome shaped nodule found in sun exposed areas slow growing and metastizes seldom

Question 52

squamos cell carcinoma

Answer 52

usually sun induced arises from stratum spinosum scaly reddened papule common on head and hands grow rapidly and will metastazise if not removed can occur body wide (wherever there is pigment)

Question 53

ABCD rule of cancer detection

Answer 53

asymmetry irregular border (jagged vs smooth) color; different colors same spot diameter \>6 mm means trouble