chapter 9 muscular system I

Question 1

functions of muscular system?

Answer 1

produce movement
maintain posture
stabilize joints
generate heat

Question 2

why do muscles generate heat?

Answer 2

use cellular aerobic respiration, lose some energy as heat

Question 3

functional characteristics of muscle system

Answer 3

excitability/irritability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

Question 4

contractibility

Answer 4

shortened when stimulated

Question 5

extensibility

Answer 5

stretch 3x original length

uterus

Question 6

elasticity

Answer 6

recoils to original length

Question 7

skeletal control

Answer 7

voluntary/conscious

controlled by nervous system

Question 8

cardiac control

Answer 8

involuntary control by endocrine and ANS

Question 9

smooth control

Answer 9

involuntary control by endocrine and ANS

Question 10

muscle fibers

Answer 10

muscle cells

Question 11

what surrounds muscle fibers?

Answer 11

connective tissue

Question 12

endomysium

Answer 12

around a single muscle fiber

Question 13

perimysium

Answer 13

around a fasicle (bundle) of fibers

Question 14

epimysium

Answer 14

covers entire skeletal muscle

Question 15

fascia

Answer 15

on the outside of the epimysium, surround muscle as a whole

Question 16

flesh eating bacteria

Answer 16

necrotizing fasciitis

Question 17

how do u get necrotizing fascia?

Answer 17

from major trauma, attacks soft tissue fascia

Question 18

what are treatments for necrotizing fascia?

Answer 18

antibiotics
amputation
tissue graft

Question 19

what does each muscle have?

Answer 19

nerve
artery
vein

Question 20

ways that muscles attach

Answer 20

direct

indirect

Question 21

indirect attachment

Answer 21

tendon (cord)
aponeurosis
white cuz of collagen

Question 22

aponeurosis

Answer 22

flat tendonous tissue

Question 23

why are the tendon and aponeurosis white?

Answer 23

collagen fibers

Question 24

attachment sites

Answer 24

origin

insertion

Question 25

origin attachment site

Answer 25

more stable, proximal

Question 26

insertion attachment site

Answer 26

more movable | distal to origin in limbs

Question 27

muscle fiber cell structures

Answer 27

``` sarcolemma sarcoplasm myofibrils sarcomere sarcoplasmic reticulum ```

Question 28

sarcolemma

Answer 28

husk | membrane of muscle fiber

Question 29

muscular dystrophy (duchenne's)

Answer 29

inherited x-linked recessive muscle fibers atrophy; shrinks, weakening death around 20 weakened sarcolemma

Question 30

sarcoplasm

Answer 30

glycosomes | myoglobin

Question 31

what do glycosomes store?

Answer 31

glycogen

Question 32

what is purpose of glycosomes?

Answer 32

to break down to glucose to feed CAR

Question 33

purpose of myoglobin?

Answer 33

store O2

Question 34

myofibrils

Answer 34

muscle protein filaments | rod like structures made up of myosin & actin filaments; protein

Question 35

myofibrils at rest give what?

Answer 35

distinct striations (bands) I band A band

Question 36

I band

Answer 36

light band

Question 37

A band

Answer 37

dark band

Question 38

what is sarcomere and what makes it up?

Answer 38

``` z-disc to z-disc contractile unit of muscle thick filaments - myosin thin filaments - actin bare zone z disc ```

Question 39

thick filaments

Answer 39

myosin

Question 40

thin filaments

Answer 40

actin

Question 41

purpose of mysoin filaments

Answer 41

ATPase enzymes | large head groups link thick and thin filaments during contraction

Question 42

bare zone

Answer 42

lakcs actin filaments at rest

Question 43

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Answer 43

specialized SER | stores Ca2+ for muscle contraction

Question 44

what do muscles do when they contract?

Answer 44

pull on structures they are attached to (trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity, etc.)

Question 45

action

Answer 45

movements accomplished when it contracts (ex. flexion, extension)

Question 46

interactions

Answer 46

working together to bring about a desired movement

Question 47

functional groups

Answer 47

prime mover antagonist synergist

Question 48

prime mover

Answer 48

primarily responsible for desired movement | ex. brachialis

Question 49

antagonist

Answer 49

opposes the prime mover | ex. triceps

Question 50

synergist

Answer 50

aids the prime mover by either: adding extra force preventing or reducing undesirable movements ex. biceps

Question 51

naming skeletal muscle

Answer 51

``` location shape relative size direction of fibers or fascicles (orientation) location of attachment (origin first) number of heads action ```

Question 52

ex of location

Answer 52

tibialis anterior

Question 53

ex of shape

Answer 53

deltoid, trapezius

Question 54

ex of relative size

Answer 54

ending with maximus, minimus, longus, brevi

Question 55

ex of orientation

Answer 55

rectus abdominis

Question 56

ex of location of attachment

Answer 56

sternocleidomastoid

Question 57

ex of number of head

Answer 57

prefix of bi, tri, or quad

Question 58

ex of action

Answer 58

extensor, flexor,... extensor digitorum

Question 59

im injection site

Answer 59

deltoid | vastus lateralis