Chap 7-9 Part 1

Question 1

Fill in the blank: Decontaminations defined as the reduction or removal of unwanted _______ or biological agents.

Answer 1

chemical

Decontamination refers to the process of making an object safe by removing hazardous substances.

Question 2

Fill in the blank: The technique that combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes and other cells is _______.

Answer 2

lyophilization

Lyophilization is also known as freeze-drying.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process of cleaning glassware or tableware.

Answer 3

sanitization

Sanitization aims to reduce microbial load to safe levels.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The food preparation process in which not all microorganisms are killed, but the number of microbes capable of spoiling the food or causing disease is reduced, is called _______.

Answer 4

pasteurization

Pasteurization is commonly used in dairy and juice industries.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Autoclaving will usually destroy/inactivate all fungi, bacteria, viruses, and most bacterial spores but will not necessarily eliminate _______.

Answer 5

prions

Prions are infectious agents composed of protein, resistant to conventional sterilization methods.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The destruction of vegetative organisms by chemical or physical methods is called _______.

Answer 6

disinfection

Disinfection is different from sterilization, which aims to eliminate all forms of microbial life.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Antimicrobial agents that are specifically designed to be used on living tissues are referred to as _______.

Answer 7

antiseptics

Antiseptics are used to prevent infection during surgical procedures.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Agents that kill microbes are classified as _______.

Answer 8

microbicidal

Microbicidal agents are used in various applications including disinfectants and antiseptics.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Joseph Lister used carbolic acid or phenol as a disinfectant to denature proteins and disrupt the _______ of pathogens.

Answer 9

cell membrane

Lister’s use of phenol marked the beginning of antiseptic surgery.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: _______ has been used for hundreds of years to kill bacteria, endospores, fungi, and mold.

Answer 10

Chlorine

Chlorine is frequently used in water treatment and sanitation.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Chemicals, such as soap and detergent, that reduce the surface tension of solvents, so the solvent becomes more effective at dissolving the solute molecules are _______.

Answer 11

surfactants

Surfactants are commonly used in cleaning products to enhance their efficacy.