Chaper 5 Flashcards
Organic compounds composed of carbon chains with hydrogen attached. They have an acid group (COOH) and a methyl group (CH3). They are also hydrophobic.
Fatty Acids
Fatty acids with up to 6 carbons that are usually in dairy products.
Short-chain fatty acids(include number of carbons)
Fatty acids that have 8 to 12 carbons which are also primarily in dairy products.
Medium-chain fatty acid (include number of carbons)
Fatty acids that have more than 12 carbons and are in meats, seafood, vegetable oils, and are most common in diet.
Long-chain fatty acid (include number of carbons)
A fatty acid that lacks two hydrogen atoms and has one double bond between carbons. Ex. Palmitoleic and oleic acid.
Monounsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid that lacks four or more hydrogen atoms and has two or more double bonds between carbons. Ex. Linolenic and Linoleic acid.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
A polyunsaturated fatty acid in which the closet double bond to methyl end of the carbon chain is 3 carbons away.
Omega-3 fatty acid
A type of essential omega-3 fatty acid that is found in plants. Ex. Walnuts, canola and soybean oils.
Linolenic acid
Is a type essential omega-6 fatty acid that can be found in sunflower, corn, and safflower.
Linoleic acid
Fatty acids that the body require but can not make, must be consumed through diet.
Essential fatty acid
Manufactured fats created during hydrogenation and it converts liquid into solid fat at room temperature. It is a unsaturated fat and is the worst type of fat to eat.
Trans fatty acids
Are temporary water-soluble compounds created during lipid digestion and absorption process.
Micelle
Is a plant base diet that consists of fish and seafood two times per week, poultry, whole grain, legumes, olive oil, herbs, vegetables, dairy, etc., daily and meats and sweets a few times a month.
Mediterranean diet
Describe the functions of lipids in the body (i.e., not in the diet) by type (cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride). Include what each does and where you would find each type of lipid in the body.
The functions of lipids in the body are to provide, insulate against temperature extremes, protect against shock, and maintain cell membranes. Triglycerides provide the cells with energy, and adipose tissue stores body fat and secrete adipokines, which can be found in the bloodstream. Cholesterols are a type of steroid that helps produce sex hormones, create bile in the liver, and help produce vitamin D. Cholesterol can be found in the liver. Phospholipids are both soluble in fat and water and are part of the cell membrane and help fat-soluble substances like vitamins and water easily pass in and out of the cell. They also act as emulsifiers in the body to help keep fats suspended in the blood and body fluids.
Tell how saturated and unsaturated fats are different in terms of chemical structure, firmness, and effects on health. Give examples of each type of fat.
The difference between saturated and unsaturated fats’ chemical structure is that in saturated fat, the carbons have two hydrogen bonds, and there is a single bond between the carbons. The structure is straight, whereas, in unsaturated fats, there is a double bond between the carbons, and each carbon has one hydrogen, and the structure is bent. Saturated fat is usually firm and solid at room temperature due to its straight structure. Examples are butter and meat fat. Unsaturated sat is generally liquid at room temperature due to the bent structure. Some examples are vegetable oil and sunflower oil. Saturated fats can cause heart disease, and unsaturated fats can boost good cholesterol to replace bad cholesterol and lower the risk of heart disease and stroke.
