Flashcards in Chapter 01: Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving Deck (37)
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1
Number of naturally occurring elements
91
2
Properties of solids
Definite shape
Definite volume
Incompressible
Particles close very together
Particles locked in place
3
Types of solids (2)
Crystalline and amorphous
4
Crystalline solids
Have regular, repeating, 3D internal geometric patterns
5
Amorphous solids
No regular, internal geometric patterns
6
Properties of a liquid
Indefinite shape
Definite volume
Incompressible, essentially
Particles close together
Particles can move freely
7
Properties of a gas
Indefinite shape
Indefinite volume
Compressible
Particles far apart
Particles can move freely AND randomly
8
Physical changes
Do not ALTER COMPOSITION or IDENTITY of a substance
9
Chemical changes
DO ALTER COMPOSITION or IDENTITY of substance(s)
10
Physical properties
Inherent characteristics, determined WITHOUT altering composition
Color, taste, odor, state (of matter), density, melting point, boiling point
11
Chemical properties
Describes substance's ability to either
(a) undergo a reaction with another substance
(b) decompose
Flammability, corrosiveness, acidity, toxicity
12
Energy
Matter's capacity to do work
13
Work
Force's action through a distance
14
Potential energy
Stored energy
15
Kinetic energy
Matter's energy due to its position
16
Law of conservation of energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; energy is always conserved during ANY change
17
Extensive properties
Depends upon quantity of matter
Mass, length, volume
18
Intensive properties
INtensive = INdependent of quantity of matter
Density, temperature, color
19
SI base units
meter
kilogram
second
kelvin
mole
20
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
21
Mass
Measure of quantity of matter, measured on balance
22
Weight
Gravity's force exerted on an object
23
Volume
Amount of space occupied by matter (cubic measurement)
24
Density
Ratio of mass to volume
*Dependent upon temperature! (Always note temperature with density, if available.)
SI standard: kg/m^3
25
Thermal energy
Form of energy; motion of small particles of matter; a type of kinetic energy (arises from motion of atoms)
26
Termperature
INTENSITY measurement of thermal energy
27
Heat
FLOW of energy due to temperature difference
28
K = Celsius + ?
K = Celsius + 273.15
29
Celsius = Fahrenheit...?
Celsius = (F - 32) / 1.8
30
