Flashcards in Chapter 02: Atoms and Elements Deck (45)
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1
Law of conservation of mass
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
Mass of reactants = mass of products
2
Law of definite proportions
All samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements
Water is always H20
3
Law of multiple proportions
Atoms of two or more elements may combine in different ratios, producing various compounds
4
Subatomic particles
Election (e-) - negative charge, mass is minute
Proton (p) - positive charge, mass = 1840x an electron's
Neutron (n) - neutral particle, GREATEST MASS
5
Cathode rays
Beam of particles, negatively charged
6
Cathode
Negatively charged electrode
7
Anode
Positively charged electrode
8
Radioactivity
Spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiation
9
Radioactive element
Spontaneously emits radiation
10
Alpha particles
Positively charged particles
11
Beta particles
Negatively charged particles
12
Gamma rays
Neutral charge, high-energy radiation
13
Nuclear theory
Nucleus = most of atom's mass and all of its positive charge
Empty space = most of the atom
# of protons = # of electrons, so atoms are neutral
14
Periodic table
Elements are in order of increasing atomic number
Row = period
Column = group/family
15
Group 1A
Alkali metals
16
Group 2A
Alkaline earth metals
17
Groups XB
Transition metals
18
Groups XB - inserted rows
Inner transition metals
19
Group 7A
Halogens
20
Group 8A
Noble/inert gases
21
Atomic number
Z
Number of protons
22
Mass number
A
Number of protons + neutrons
23
Chemical symbol
X
Chemical abbreviation
24
X-A
Chemical-Mass #
25
Molecule
2+ atoms in DEFINITE arrangement, held together by chemical forces
26
Diatomic molecule
2-atom molecule
27
Diatomic molecules in nature (7)
Hydrogen (H)
Nitrogen (N)
Fluorine (F)
Oxygen (O)
Iodine (I)
Chlorine (Cl)
Bromine (Br)
H + N through F + F down to I
"Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer"
28
Polyatomic molecule
>2 atom molecule
29
Polyatomic molecules in nature
Phosphorus (P4)
Sulfur (S4)
Selenium (Se4)
(Oxygen (O3))
(remaining 3 Other Nonmetals angled in diatomic molecules N, O, F, Cl, Br
30
