Chapter 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Bit
1 or 0 (True or False)
Stream
Long string of bits
Byte
A collection of 8 bits
Boolean operation
Operations that manipulate true and false values.
Gate
A device that produces the value of a boolean operation. Constructed out of small electronic switching circuits.
Hexadecimal notation
Used to make bit patterns easier to read. Converts a 4 bits into a single character.
Main memory
Organized in cells, where each cell can store 8 bits.
Addresses (memory cell)
Each cell is assigned an address, the cells are arranged in a single row which means that that by using two consecutive memory cells, one can store a bit pattern that requires 16 bits.
Memory cell
Cell that stores 8 bits, where the left most bit is the most significant.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
(Main memory) Called RAM because you can access individual cells in the main memory using addresses
Representing text
- Character encodings – mapping bit patterns to characters.
- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
- 7-bit ASCII: 128 characters.
- 8-bit ASCII: 256 characters (non-standardized).
- ISO-Latin-1: 256 characters including West European characters.
- ISO-Latin-2: 256 characters including Central European characters.
- Unicode is able to represent all characters in all languages.
- UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit) uses 8 or more bits per character.
Pixel (Black and White)
Black and white represented by 1 or 0
Bit map
Collection of pixels
RGB
Each color is represented by 8 bits. Requires a total of 24 bits to represent one pixel
Representation of sound
The amount of samples done each second affects the quality of the sound that is recorded. Voice communication has a sample rate of 8000 samples per second.
Sample rate
How many samples per second. ex. 44100 hz in a CD
Sample depth
How many bits per sample. CD 32 bits per sample, 16 bits per channel.
Overflow
When two bit patterns combined or subtracted from each other is to large for the bit pattern to represent
