Chapter 4 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Network scopes
- (PAN – personal area network (wireless headset, mouse etc.)),
- LAN – local area network (one location),
- (MAN – metropolitan network),
- WAN – wide area network (several locations; possibly world wide).
Bus
all machines are connected to a common communication line (a bus) (example: Ethernet),
Star
all other machines are connected to one central machine, called the access point (example: WiFi).
Hub
connects machines into a network (bus topology)
Access point
connects machines into a network (star topology)
Switch (a smart hub)
connects several buses (or machines) into a network; only sends necessary traffic between the buses (machines)
Router
connects several networks into an internet (network of networks)
Client/server
clients request server services, and servers serve client requests.
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
the peers provide service to and retrieve service from each other
Distributed system
consists of software units that execute on several different computers
Cloud computing
the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
The Internet
a world wide internet (network of networks)
The Internet originates from a research project of DARPA in 1960’s (DARPA – Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
ISPs (Internet Service Providers)
maintains the Internet
Hot spot
Area where wireless Internet access is provided.
IP address
unique identifying address to a computer on Internet (IP – Internet protocol)
Domains
Internet addressing by mnemonic names, for example ilearn2.dsv.su.se, overseen by ICANN.
ICANN
(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) – gives IP addresses to ISPs.
- Domain name system (DNS)
- DNS server (name server)
- DNS lookup
- Domain name system (DNS) – converts domain names to IP addresses.
- DNS server (name server) – provides address translations.
- DNS lookup – the process of using DNS to perform a translation.
Hypertext
documents linked by hyperlinks
HTML
(hypertext markup language) – to create documents
Browser (web client)
presents documents (and/or other materials) to a user
Web Server
provides access to documents (and/or other materials)
URL (uniform resource locator)
identifies a document (or other material) (today often called URI – uniform resource identifier)
HTTP
hypertext transfer protocol
protocol for transferring documents (and other materials).
