Chapter 6

Question 1

First-generation programming language

Answer 1

Machine language, hexadecimal notation

Question 2

Second-generation programming language

Answer 2

Assembly language, uses mnemonic names instead of hexadecimal notation to make it easier to write. (Unique to specific machines)

Question 3

Third-generation programming language

Answer 3

Uses high level primitives. (Machine independent)

Question 4

Assembler

Answer 4

Converts assembly language to machine language

Question 5

Compiler

Answer 5

Converts third generation language to machine language

Question 6

Programming paradigms

Answer 6

• Functional – basic building block: functions.
• Object-oriented – basic building block: objects.
• Imperative – basic building block: procedures.
• Declarative, for example:
• logic programming – basic building block: logical formulas.

Question 7

Primitive data types

Answer 7

• Integer: whole numbers; 8/16/32/64 bits; signed/unsigned.
• Float (real): numbers with fractions (scientific notation); 32/64 bits.
• Character: symbols; 8/16 bits.
• Boolean: true/false; (only 1 bit needed, but normally uses more)

Question 8

Variable

Answer 8

named location in primary memory, which can store a value (of some specified type)

Question 9

Literal

Answer 9

value of some (specified) type

Question 10

Constant

Answer 10

named literal

Question 11

Class

Answer 11

• template from which objects are constructed;

* includes descriptions of both variables and methods (functions).

Question 12

Object

Answer 12

• active program unit containing both data and code;

* called an instance of the class, from which it is constructed

Question 13

Features

Answer 13

• inheritance,
• encapsulation,
• polymorphism.