Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Posterior / Dorsal
A
Backside
2
Q
Supine
A
Anterior surface facing up
3
Q
Posterior / Dorsal
A
Backside
4
Q
Prone
A
Anterior surface facing down
5
Q
Negative feedback
A
Process the body uses to reverse the direction of movement away from homeostasis
6
Q
Positive feedback
A
Process the body uses to increase the movement away from homeostasis
7
Q
Axial
A
Head, neck, and trunk
8
Q
Bilateral
A
Relating to or affecting two sides
9
Q
Tarsal
A
Ankle
10
Q
Cubital
A
Elbow
11
Q
Appendicular
A
Arms and legs
12
Q
Sagittal
A
Body plane separating right from left
13
Q
Midsagittal
A
Plane is exactly down the midline of the body
14
Q
Inguinal
A
Groin
15
Q
Plantar
A
Soles of the feet
16
Q
Superior
A
Closer to the top of the head
17
Q
Prioximal
A
Closer to the connection of the body
18
Q
Transverse / horizontal
A
Separates top from bottom, commonly called a cross section
19
Q
Frontal / coronal
A
Separates anterior from posterior (front from back)
20
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline of the body
21
Q
Superficial
A
Closer to the surface (used for layered structures)
22
Q
Deep
A
Farther from the surface (used for layered structures)
23
Q
Distal
A
Farther from the connection of the body
24
Q
Thoracic
A
Chest
25
Ventral / anterior
Front or belly side
26
Umbilical
Navel
27
Dorsal cavity
Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
28
Cranial cavity
Brain with Meninges membrane lining
29
Vertebral cavity
Spinal cord with Meninges membrane lining
30
Thoracic cavity
Pleural cavities (2) and Pericardial cavity
31
Pleural cavities (2)
Lungs with Pleurae membrane lining
32
Pericardial cavity
Heart with Pericardium membrane lining
33
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity
34
Abdominal cavity
Digestive organs and spleen with Peritoneum membrane lining
35
Pelvic cavity
Urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs with Peritoneum membrane lining
36
Femoral
Thigh
37
Axillary
Armpit
38
Abdominal
Belly
39
Patellar
Knee
40
Peritoneum
Lining membranes of the Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity
41
Abdominal quadrants and regions
Four quadrants (right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant) and Nine regions (right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right inguinal region, hypogastric region, left inguinal region)
42
Cephalic or cranial
Head
43
Axial region and appendicular region
The two major regions of the body
44
Serous membrane
Double layered membranes that contain fluid between the two layers
45
Homeostasis
The body’s ability to maintain a steady internal environment
46
Mediastinum
Space between the pleural cavities that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and major vessels
47
Where is the diaphragm in relation to the lungs
Inferior
48
Which set of anatomical cavities has an organ that serves as a wall between the two?
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
49
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
50
Layers of the skin
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)
51
Pelvic
Lower trunk
52
Facial
Face
53
Cervical
Neck
54
Brachial
Arm
55
Carpal
Wrist
56
Palmar
Palms of hands
57
Visceral pericardium
Pericardium membrane layer in contact with the heart
58
Parietal pericardium
Pericardium membrane layer not in contact with the heart
59
Kidneys and most of the pancreas are in the retroperitoneal space
Space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall
60
Visceral
Serious membrane layer in contact with the organ
61
Parietal
Serious membrane layer not in contact with the organ
62
Two extensions of the visceral peritoneum membrane
Greater omentum extends from the inferior margin of the stomach and covers the abdominopelvic organs, lesser omentum is smaller and extends from the superior edge of the stomach to the liver
63
Mesenteries
Sections of the peritoneum that neatly arrange blood vessels and nerves to organs
64
Pathology
Abnormally functioning organs or organ systems resulting from a disruption in the normal state of the body’s internal environment (homeostasis)
65
Predisposing factors
Disease risk factors or activities or that people participate in that can affect their health. Examples: age, gender, heredity, lifestyle, environment
66
Why is age more susceptible to disease?
As the body gets older, organ systems can become less efficient. In children, babies are born with partially developed immune systems
67
Predisposing factors of disease in children
Congenital disorders means present at birth, genetic disorders are caused by inherited genes, and developmental disorders occur while the child is developing in the womb, at birth, or after birth and may interrupt normal development
68
Predisposing factors of disease for the elderly
As the body ages, there is a general reduction of function. There is an inability of certain organs such as the brain and heart to regenerate
69
Predisposing factors of disease for heredity
Combination of genetic codes from both parents which can have genetic links to certain diseases and pathological conditions.
70
Predisposing factors of the disease with lifestyle and environment
Bad lifestyle choices can contribute along with pollution, stress, unsanitary living conditions etc
71
Signs and symptoms of disease
Signs are objective signals that can be measured such as a fever. Symptoms are subjective signals relative to the patient and cannot be measured. Pain serves as a defense mechanism to warn the person there is a problem. Inflammation is the body’s normal immune response to injury and disease. Redness/heat/swelling/pain are signs and symptoms of inflammation caused by Mediators which are chemicals released by damaged tissue that dilate blood vessels
