Chapter 8 HW

Question 1

Anterior pituitary gland functions

Answer 1

Stimulates: the production of sperm, wide spread tissue growth, secretion of the thyroid hormone and growth of thyroid, secretion of estrogen, ovulation, testosterone

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Steroids, amino acid derivatives, and proteins

Question 3

Gonads

Answer 3

Endocrine glands, gonads are the ovaries in a female and the testes in a male

Question 4

Steroid hormones

Answer 4

Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids

Question 5

Target tissues regulate their sensitivity to a hormone

Answer 5

By adjusting the number of receptors for that hormone

Question 6

Protein hormone

Answer 6

Insulin, glucagon, calcitonin, oxytocin, TSH, FSH, LH, GH, PTH, ADH, ACTH, and hormones from the hypothalamus

Question 7

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Answer 7

Produced by the anterior pituitary gland and targets the kidney organs

Question 8

Amino acid derivatives

Answer 8

Derived from amino acids. Thyroid hormone, epinephrine, and melatonin are examples

Question 9

Pheromone

Answer 9

Refers to chemicals that cause a response outside the body in another individual, studied by the perfume industry

Question 10

Graves’ disease

Answer 10

Antibody made by white blood cells to fight a foreign invader mistakenly fits into TSH receptors of the thyroid gland and acts like TSH

Question 11

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

Inability to regulate blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin

Question 12

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 12

An inability to release sufficient ADH to o cause water reabsorption in the kidney

Question 13

Autocrine location of target tissues

Answer 13

The secretion of a hormone by the cells of the same tissue type that it targets

Question 14

Pineal gland

Answer 14

Secretes melatonin

Question 15

Adrenal cortex hormones

Answer 15

Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

Question 16

Target tissue

Answer 16

Presence of specific receptors for specific hormones based on the hormones chemical makeup and shape

Question 17

Down-regulation

Answer 17

Often a response to chronically high levels of a hormone

Question 18

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) function

Answer 18

Increases water retention

Question 19

Gland functions

Answer 19

Produce hormones, target certain tissues, and secrete hormones

Question 20

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) function

Answer 20

Stimulate the secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 21

Glucagon function

Answer 21

Stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 22

Anterior pituitary gland functions

Answer 22

Produces FSH, TSH, ACTH, LH, GH

Question 23

Epinephrine functions

Answer 23

Increases heart rate, increases blood glucose levels, and raises metabolic rate

Question 24

Thyroid hormone functions

Answer 24

Increase metabolic rate, increases heart and respiration rates, stimulates appetite

Question 25

Hypothalamus target tissue

Answer 25

Anterior pituitary

Question 26

Half-life

Answer 26

Describes the length of time it takes for one half of a substance to be eliminated from the circulatory system

Question 27

Protein hormone binding

Answer 27

Must bind to receptors on the cell membrane because they cannot enter the cell

Question 28

Steroid hormone binding

Answer 28

Must bind to receptors within the cell either in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Question 29

Polydipsia

Answer 29

Excessive thirst

Question 30

Polyuria

Answer 30

Excessive urination

Question 31

Glucosuria

Answer 31

Glucose in the urine

Question 32

Messenger of the endocrine system

Answer 32

Chemicals called Hormones

Question 33

Cause of Hyperthyroidism

Answer 33

Graves’ disease

Question 34

Which disorder has polyuria and polydipsia as symptoms

Answer 34

Diabetes insipidis, type II diabetes mellitus, and type I diabetes mellitus

Question 35

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 35

Excess cortisol or corticosteroid levels in the blood that result from hypersecretion of ACTH from the pituitary gland

Question 36

Addison’s disease

Answer 36

Degeneration of the adrenal cortex

Question 37

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Answer 37

Secreted by parathyroids

Question 38

Calcitonin hormone

Answer 38

Secreted by thyroid gland

Question 39

Gland connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum

Answer 39

Hypothalamus

Question 40

Gland that resembles a bow tie and is located anterior and lateral to the trachea just inferior to the larynx

Answer 40

Thyroid

Question 41

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Answer 41

Stimulates secretion of estrogen and stimulates sperm production

Question 42

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Answer 42

Stimulates the secretion of testosterone and stimulates ovulation

Question 43

Regulation of hormone secretion

Answer 43

A substance other than a hormone stimulating a gland, neural stimulation of a gland, stimulation of a gland by another hormone

Question 44

Symptom of acromegaly

Answer 44

Organ enlargement

Question 45

Symptom of hyperthyroidism

Answer 45

Goiter

Question 46

Tissues targeted by anterior pituitary gland hormones

Answer 46

Thyroid, ovaries, adrenal cortex, testes, liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, adipose tissue

Question 47

Endocrine system

Answer 47

Communication: Has a slow start, takes longer to end than the nervous system, less specific as to its target

Question 48

Organ that is part of both endocrine and digestive system

Answer 48

Pancreas

Question 49

Effects of aging on the endocrine system

Answer 49

Levels of hormones decline with age, estrogen and testosterone decrease dramatically with aging, some hormone levels remain high but target tissue may lose their sensitivity

Question 50

Oxytocin

Answer 50

Stimulates uterine contractions and the release of milk.

Question 51

Up-regulation vs down-regulation

Answer 51

Up-reg is the increase in the number of receptors for a given hormone and down-reg is the decrease in the number of receptors for a hormone

Question 52

Nervous system compared to endocrine system

Answer 52

Nervous system can have higher specificity compared to the endocrine system when considering communication with its target

Question 53

Speed of communication: nervous system compared to endocrine system

Answer 53

The nervous system responds to the stimulus quicker than the endocrine system

Question 54

Paracrine

Answer 54

Hormones that work on neighboring cells without having to go through blood to get to target tissue