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A&P For Speech, language And Hearing > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of the functions of living organism and its components

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3
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

Anatomy as related to pathological entity, and especially as related to surgery

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4
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

Anatomy that studies interspecies comparisons

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5
Q

Embryology (Developmental Anatomy)

A

Anatomy with reference to period from conception to birth

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6
Q

Descriptive Anatomy

A

Anatomy that relates to the systems of body

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7
Q

Where are anatomical terms derived from?

A

Latin and Greek root

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8
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Body erect

Palms, arms and hands face forward

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9
Q

Axis

A

The imaginary midline around which the body pivots

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10
Q

The axial skeleton

A

Head and trunk

Spinal cord is axis

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11
Q

The appendicular Skeleton

A

Lower limbs

Upper Limbs

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12
Q

Neuraxis

A

Axis of the brain

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13
Q

Thorax

A

chest

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14
Q

what are the planes of references

A

Frontal/coronal plane
Midsagittal plane
Transverse plane

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15
Q

Frontal/Coronal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

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16
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into right and left halves

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17
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Cut parallel to the medial plane and divides the body into right and left halves

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18
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body into upper and lover halves

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19
Q

Anterior or ventral surface

A

Front of the body

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20
Q

Posterior or dorsal surface

A

Back of body

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21
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the head or nose or just face in general

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22
Q

Superficial surface

A

Surface of body

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23
Q

Peripheral Surface

A

Direction towards the surface

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24
Q

Deep

A

Direction away from the surface

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25
Distal
Point farthest from/away from the trunk
26
Proximal
Point closest to/towards the trunk
27
Superior
Above, farther from the ground
28
Inferior
Below, closer to the ground
29
Prone
Body horizontal with face down, on the belly
30
Pronation
Ventral surface directed inferiorly (prone)
31
Supine
Body Horizontal with face up, on the back
32
Supination
Ventral Surface directed superiorly (supine)
33
Lateral
The side
34
Medial/central
Towards the median/ mid-sagittal plane
35
What is the trunk or torso composed of?
The thorax and the abdomen
36
What is the pelvis formed by?
The hip bones
37
The upper and lower extremities are attached to?
the trunk
38
Cranial Portion
Contains the brain and its components
39
Facial Portion
Contains the mouth, pharynx, nasal cavity, and structures related to the upper airway and mastication (chewing)
40
Cranial Cavity contains ?
Brain | Vertebral canal
41
Thoracic Cavity contains ?
Lungs and related structures
42
Pericardial Cavity contains ?
Heart
43
Abdominal Cavity contains ?
Digestive Organs
44
Basic Tissues of the body
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue
45
Tissue
Nucleus and specialized cellular material
46
Epithelial Tissue
Superficial layer of mucous membrane and cells that make up the skin and lines all cavities/passageways Lacks of intercellular material
47
Connective tissue
Support tissue with large amount of intercellular material or matrix
48
Muscular Tissue
Specialized tissue that can be stimulated and made to contract. Muscular tissue is contractile
49
Nervous Tissue
Specialized tissue whose role is communication between cells. Specialized for communication Consists of neurons or nerve cells Functions to transfer information
50
Roles of epithelial tissue
Acts as barrier against hostile agents such as infections organisms Prevents dehydration and fluid loss
51
Functions of epithelial tissue
Covers surface of the body Covers lining of cavities and passageways Shortage of intercellular material
52
Why does Mucous membrane arise from epithelium?
To secrete mucus
53
Cilial Tissue
Some epithelial tissue contain cilial | Cilial tissue have hair-like protrusions that move matter from one location to another
54
Connective tissue funtison
Binds together and supports tissues and organs Composed of matrix Protective Functions
55
Types of connective tissue
Cartilage Blood Bone
56
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline Fibro-cartilage Yellow (elastic ) cartilage
57
Connective tissue in blood
Plasma and blood cells
58
Bone connective tissue
Hardest form of connective tissue (compact or spongy)
59
Classification of muscular tissue
Voluntary striated muscle (skeletal muscle) Involuntary smooth muscle Cardiac muscle
60
Nervous tissue transfer information
From one neuron to another From neuron to muscle From sensory receptors to other neural entities
61
Neurons
Involved directly in information transfer
62
Glial Cells
Involved in providing nutrition and support to neurons
63
Fascia
Sheet-like membrane that surrounds organs
64
Ligaments
Fibrous tissue that binds structures of the body together, connects bones or cartilage
65
Tendons
Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or cartilage
66
Bones
Rigid skeletal support and protection of organs and soft tissues.
67
Muscles
Aggregates of contractive muscle fibers with a common function Can shorten to about one third their length
68
Origin
point of attachment of the least mobile element of a structure. is the point of attachment of the least mobile element (as related to speech function)
69
Insertion
point of attachment that moves with contraction | is the point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts
70
Body Systems
Muscular, skeletal, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, groups of organs operate in a systemic fashion (Organs can be part of more than one system) Systems are groups of organs that perform a specific function
71
Systems of Speech
Respiratory system Phonatory system Articulatory/resonatory system Nervous system
72
Nervous system In speech
Controls speech processes
73
Articulatory/resonatory system in speech
Shapes the oral cavity for production of sounds of speech
74
Phonatory system
Produces voiced sound
75
Respiratory system in speech
Involves respiration
76
Caudal
Towards the back or tail
77
Joints
Joints form union of bone with other bones or cartilage with other cartilage

A&P For Speech, language And Hearing (15 decks)

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