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Anatomy - Spring 2024 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ANATOMY the study of?

A

Structure

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2
Q

What is PHYSIOLOGY the study of?

A

Function

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3
Q

What are the two CATEGORIES OF ANATOMY?

A
  • Microscopic Anatomy
  • Gross Anatomy
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4
Q

What does MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY study?

A

structures that require magnification
(cannot be seen w/ the naked eye)

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5
Q

What is CYTOLOGY the study of?

A

cells

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6
Q

What is HISTOLOGY the study of?

A

tissues

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7
Q

What does GROSS ANATOMY study?

A

structures visible w/o magnification

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8
Q

What does REGIONAL ANATOMY observe?

A

specific body regions

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9
Q

What does SYSTEMIC ANATOMY observe?

A

specific organ systems

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10
Q

What are the LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION in order (smallest to largest)?

A

1) Chemical Level (Atoms -> Molecules)
2) Cellular Level
3) Tissue Level
4) Organ Level
5) Organ System Level
6) Organismal Level

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11
Q

What is the role of an ATOM in the body?

A

smallest structural component

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12
Q

What is the role of a CELL in the body?

A

smallest structural AND functional component

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13
Q

What is a TISSUE?

A

2 or more related CELLS performing specialized functions

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14
Q

What are the 4 TYPES OF TISSUES found w/in the body?

A
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Connective Tissue
  • Muscle Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
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15
Q

What is an ORGAN?

A

2 or more TISSUES performing specific tasks

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16
Q

What is an ORGAN SYSTEM?

A

related ORGANS working together to perform specific functions

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17
Q

T/F
Organisms can be affected by mistakes at the CHEMICAL LEVEL

A

TRUE - if something is incorrect at the chemical level, it causes issues that go up the organizational ladder and affect the quality of function for each level

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18
Q

What is the purpose for STANDARDIZED ANATOMICAL LANGUAGE?

A

Leaves less room for error and possible misconstruction

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19
Q

What is the DEFINITION for Anatomical Position?

A

standard universal position to compare structures of the body

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20
Q

What is the STANDARD UNIVERSAL POSITION TO COMPARE STRUCTURES OF THE BODY called?

A

Anatomical Position

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21
Q

What are the QUALITIES of Anatomical Position?
(SHAPF)

A
  • Standing upright
  • Head level, looking forward
  • Arms at side
  • Palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body
  • Feet parallel on floor
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22
Q

What does ANTERIOR mean?

A

toward front surface

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23
Q

What is the term for “toward front surface”
(face of dog)

A

Anterior

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24
Q

What does POSTERIOR mean?

A

toward back surface

25
Q

What is the term for “toward back surface”?
(butt of dog)

A

Posterior

26
Q

What does VENTRAL mean?

A

toward belly side

27
Q

What is the term for “toward belly side”?
(belly of dog)

A

Ventral

28
Q

What does DORSAL mean?

A

toward back side

29
Q

What is the term for “toward back side”?
(back of dog)

A

Dorsal

30
Q

What does SUPERIOR mean?

A

toward topmost point

31
Q

What is the term for “toward topmost point”?

A

Superior

32
Q

What does INFERIOR mean?

A

toward bottommost point

33
Q

What is the term for “toward bottommost point”?

A

Inferior

34
Q

What does MEDIAL mean?

A

toward midline

35
Q

What is the term for “toward midline”?

A

Medial

36
Q

What does LATERAL mean?

A

toward side

37
Q

What is the term for “toward side”?

A

Lateral

38
Q

What does DEEP mean?

A

further toward the inside compared to another structure

39
Q

What is the term for “closer to the inside as compared to another structure”?

A

Deep

40
Q

What does SUPERFICIAL mean?

A

closer to the outside compared to another structure

41
Q

What is the term for “closer to the outside compared to another structure”

A

Superficial

42
Q

What does PROXIMAL mean?

A

closer to point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure

43
Q

What is the term for “closer to point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure”?

A

Proximal

44
Q

What does DISTAL mean?

A

farther from point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure

45
Q

What is the term for “farther from point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure”?

A

Distal

46
Q

The heart is DEEP/SUPERFICIAL to the ribcage.

A

Deep

47
Q

The ribcage is DEEP/SUPERFICIAL to the heart.

A

Superficial

48
Q

The elbow is PROXIMAL/DISTAL to the wrist.

A

Proximal

49
Q

The wrist is PROXIMAL/DISTAL to the elbow.

A

Distal

50
Q

What does the CORONAL PLANE divide the body into?
(coroner)

A

Anterior/Posterior
(Front/Back)

51
Q

What plane divides the body into ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR?
(coroner)

A

Coronal Plane

52
Q

What does the TRANSVERSE PLANE divide the body into?
(verse)

A

Superior/Inferior
(Top/Bottom)

53
Q

What plane divides the body into SUPERIOR/INFERIOR?
(verse)

A

Transverse Plane

54
Q

What does the MIDSAGITTAL PLANE divide the body into?
(middle)

A

EQUAL Right/Left sides

55
Q

What plane divides the body into EQUAL RIGHT/LEFT SIDES?
(middle)

A

Midsagittal Plane

56
Q

What does the PARASAGITTAL PLANE divide the body into?
(paranormal)

A

UNEQUAL Right/Left sides

57
Q

Which plane divides the body into UNEQUAL RIGHT/LEFT SIDES?
(paranormal)

A

Parasagittal

58
Q

How does the OBLIQUE PLANE divide the body?
(obtuse)

A

at an oblique angle (not 90°)

59
Q
A

Anatomy - Spring 2024 (12 decks)

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