unit 1 exam

Question 1

What are the 2 kinds of transport

Answer 1

passive
active

Question 2

(passive/active) transport requires energy

Answer 2

active

Question 3

in passive transport, molecules move (along/against) the concentration gradient

Answer 3

along

Question 4

in active transport, molecules move (along/against) the concentration gradient

Answer 4

against

Question 5

what is the concentration gradient

Answer 5

higher concentration moves to lower concentrated area

Question 6

what are the 3 kinds of passive transport

Answer 6

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

Question 7

what is simple diffusion

Answer 7

high to low concentration directly through cell membrane

Question 8

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 8

high to low concentration through integral proteins

Question 9

what is osmosis

Answer 9

diffusion of water from high to low concentration

Question 10

what is bulk transport

Answer 10

moves larger molecules across cell membrane

Question 11

what are the 2 kinds of bulk transport

Answer 11

exocytosis
endocytosis

Question 12

what is exocytosis

Answer 12

cell expels larger molecules

Question 13

what is endocytosis

Answer 13

cell takes in larger molecules

Question 14

what are the 3 types of endocytosis

Answer 14

pinocytosis
phagocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 15

what is pinocytosis + other name for it

Answer 15

cell drinking
cell membrane folds in to let fluid into cell

Question 16

what is phagocytosis + other name for it

Answer 16

cell eating
cell membrane folds in to let larger molecules into cell (nonspecific)

Question 17

what is receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 17

molecule binds to receptor on cell membrane which then folds in to let it in (specific)

Question 18

what is the function of serous membranes

Answer 18

secrete serous fluid into space

Question 19

what are the 3 layers of the serous membrane (superficial to deep)

Answer 19

parietal layer
serous fluid
visceral layer

Question 20

what are the 3 factors that affect permeability of cell membrane

Answer 20

• number of transport proteins in cell membrane
• molecular size
• lipid solubility

Question 21

what are the ideal traits of a molecule wanting to get through the cell membrane

Answer 21

small and hydrophobic

Question 22

what are the two major body cavities

Answer 22

dorsal
ventral

Question 23

what are the two cavities included in the dorsal cavity

Answer 23

cranial
vertebral

Question 24

what does the cranial cavity contain

Answer 24

brain

Question 25

what does the vertebral cavity contain

Answer 25

spinal cord

Question 26

what are the two cavities found in the ventral cavity

Answer 26

thoracic abdominopelvic

Question 27

what are the two cavities found in the thoracic cavity

Answer 27

pleural cavity mediastinum

Question 28

what does the pleural cavity contain

Answer 28

lungs

Question 29

what does the mediastinum contain

Answer 29

heart other respiratory organs

Question 30

what two cavities are found in the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 30

abdominal cavity pelvic cavity

Question 31

what is in the abdominal cavity

Answer 31

digestive organs kidneys

Question 32

what is in the pelvic cavity

Answer 32

reproductive organs bladder urethra large intestine

Question 33

what are the 4 kinds of intracellular junctions

Answer 33

tight junctions gap junctions adherens junctions desmodomes

Question 34

what is the structure of tight junctions

Answer 34

encircle cell except top made of fused cell membrane proteins

Question 35

what is the function of tight junctions

Answer 35

prevent movement between cells

Question 36

what is the structure of gap junctions

Answer 36

directly connect cells (in between) made of cell membrane proteins that form a tunnel/pore

Question 37

what is the function of gap junctions

Answer 37

direct passageway for molecules direct communication

Question 38

what is the structure of adherens junctions

Answer 38

deep to tight junctions encircles cell made of microfilaments woven around cell and are slightly loose

Question 39

what is the function of adherens junctions

Answer 39

helps cells resist separation

Question 40

what is the structure of desmodomes

Answer 40

snaps between cells only at stress points made of intermediate filaments

Question 41

what is the function of desmodomes

Answer 41

resistance to mechanical stress at a single point

Question 42

what are the 3 primary germ layers

Answer 42

endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

Question 43

what does the endoderm give rise to

Answer 43

epithelial lining of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract liver pancras thymus gallbladder thyroid

Question 44

what does the mesoderm give rise to

Answer 44

dermis of skin muscle tissue heart connective tissue kidneys internal reproductive organs

Question 45

what does the ectoderm give rise to

Answer 45

epidermis of skin epidermal derivatives nervous tissue