Chapter 1 Flashcards
terminology; anatomy language
1
Q
Describe the anatomical position
A
- standing upright
- feet parallel + flat on the floor
- arms on either side of the body; palms facing forward
- head level and eyes forward
2
Q
Prone vs. supine
A
Prone: lying down facing down
Supine: lying down facing up
3
Q
Section vs. plane
A
Section: “actual” cut
Plane: imaginary
(Can be thru the body or just part of the body)
4
Q
Coronal plane (frontal plane)
A
Creates anterior and posterior parts (front and back)
5
Q
Transverse plane (horizontal/cross-sectional plane)
A
Creates superior and inferior parts (top and bottom)
6
Q
Midsagittal plane (median plane)
A
Creates equal left and right halves
7
Q
Sagittal plane (parasagittal plane)
A
Creates unequal left and right parts
(Cannot be “median” plane)
8
Q
Oblique plane
A
Minor plane; goes thru at an angle
9
Q
Anterior
A
Front
10
Q
Posterior
A
Back
11
Q
Ventral
A
Front/belly
12
Q
Dorsal
A
Back
13
Q
Superior
A
Top
14
Q
Inferior
A
Bottom
15
Q
Cranial/cephalic
A
Towards the head
16
Q
Caudal
A
Away from head
17
Q
Medial
A
Towards midline
18
Q
Lateral
A
Away from midline
19
Q
Deep
A
away from surface
20
Q
Superficial
A
towards the surface
21
Q
Proximal
A
closer to attachment point
22
Q
Distal
A
farther from attachment point
23
Q
Two main regions
A
Axial region
Appendicular region
24
Q
Axial region
A
Head, neck, trunk
25
Appendicular region
Upper/lower limbs and their attachments to the axial region
26
Cephalic region (head) (6)
- cranial
- facial
- buccal
- orbital
- oral
- mental
27
Cranial
Top of the head; brain
28
Facial
Face
29
Buccal
cheek
30
Orbital
Eyes
31
Oral
Mouth
32
Mental
Chin
33
Cervical region (neck) (3)
- thoracic
- mammary
- axillary
34
Thoracic
The whole upper torso
35
Mammary
Breast
36
Axillary
Under arm
37
Abdominal region
The lower torso
38
Pelvic region (below hip bones) (2)
Inguinal and pubic
39
Inguinal
Groin (inner pelvis)
40
Pubic
Front of pelvis (above external genitalia)
41
Dorsum (whole back) (3)
- lumbar
- gluteal
- scapular
42
Lumbar
Lower back
43
Gluteal
Buttock(s)
44
Scapular
Upper back (shoulder blades; scapula)
45
Upper extremity (arm) (8)
- brachial
- antecubital
- antebrachial
- olecranal
- carpal
- palmar
- digital
- pollex
46
Brachial
Upper arm
47
Antecubital
Middle of arm; front of elbow
48
Antebrachial
Forearm
49
Olecranal
Elbow
50
Carpal
Wrist
51
Palmar
Palm
52
Digital
Finger(s)
53
Pollex
Thumb
54
Lower extremity (leg) (8)
- femoral
- patellar
- pedal
- tarsal
- hallux
- popliteal
- plantar
55
Femoral
Thigh
56
Patellar
Knee
57
Pedal
Feet
58
Tarsal
Ankle
59
Hallux
Big toe
60
Popliteal
Back of knee
61
Calcaneal
Back of heel
62
Plantar
Bottom of foot
63
Organs are located in enclosed spaces called
Cavities
64
Posterior cavities are…
*completely* enclosed in bone
65
Ventral cavity is…
Larger and not completely enclosed in bone
*** also lined with ***serous membranes***
66
Serous membranes
Consists of two layers; parietal and visceral
67
Parietal layer
Lines internal surface of the body wall
68
Visceral layer
Lines the external surface of the organs within the cavity
69
Serous cavity
“Potential” space between the two layers of the serous membrane
(Under abnormal conditions, the space can expand)
70
Serous fluid
Oil-like lubricant within the serous cavity
71
Subdivisions of dorsal body cavity (posterior body cavity)
1. Cranial cavity - formed by the bones of cranium (endocranium)
2. Spinal (vertebral) cavity - formed by bones of vertebral column; contains spinal cord
72
Ventral cavity
Larger, anteriorly placed cavity in the body
*its subdivisions are not encased in bone*
73
Subdivisions of ventral cavity (2)
1. Thoracic cavity - superior to abdominopelvic cavity
2. Abdominopelvic cavity - inferior to thoracic cavity
74
What partitions the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity?
The thoracic diaphragm
75
Thoracic cavity (2)
Mediastinum and pleural cavities
76
Mediastinum
Space between lungs; contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart
77
Serous pericardium
Two-layer serous membrane that encloses the heart within the mediastinum
78
Layers of serous pericardium
Parietal pericardium: outer layer of membrane; forms inner lining
Visceral pericardium: covers the heart’s external surface
79
Pericardial cavity
Serous cavity between the two layers that contains serous fluid
80
Serous pleura
Serous membrane that encloses the lungs
81
Parietal pleura
Outer layer of membrane; internal surface of thoracic wall
82
Visceral pleura
Inner layer of membrane; covers external surface of each lung
83
Pleural cavity
Serous cavity between visceral and parietal pleura
84
Abdominopelvic cavity (2)
1. Abdominal cavity - contains most of digestive organs, kidneys, most of ureters
2. Pelvic cavity - contains distal large intestine, rest of ureters, urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs
85
Peritoneum
Two-layered serous membrane associated with the abdominopelvic cavity
86
Parietal peritoneum
Outer layer; lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity
87
Visceral peritoneum
Inner layer; covers external surface of most abdominal and pelvic organs
88
Peritoneal cavity
The serous cavity of the peritoneum that contains serous fluid
89
Abdominopelvic regions (9)
Top row: right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
Middle row: right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
Bottom row: right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
90
Four abdominal quadrants
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
91
The liver is located *mostly* in what abdominal quadrant?
Right upper quadrant
92
What abdominal region is the urinary bladder located?
Hypogastric region
