Chapter 1

Question 1

How many cells are in the human body?

Answer 1

30 trillion

Question 2

How many microbes are in the human body?

Answer 2

40 trillion

Question 3

The microbes that inhabit our body are called…

Answer 3

the microbiome.

Question 4

How do microbes impact our health?

Answer 4

Breaking down resources and competing against pathogenic microbes.

Question 5

What are microorganisms?

Answer 5

Living things that are too small to see with the naked eye

Question 6

What are the rules for binomial nomenclature?

Answer 6

Genus comes before species, the full name is italicized, genus is capitalized, species is lowercase

Question 7

In microbes, what defines a species?

Answer 7

95% of the genetic sequence is identical

Question 8

How are microbes usually named (three ways)?

Answer 8

Primary habitat, traits of organism, or after the person who discovered it

Question 9

What are the 6 categories of microbes?

Answer 9

Bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses

Question 10

What are the properties of bacteria cells?

Answer 10

Prokaryote and unicellular

Question 11

How does bacteria reproduce?

Answer 11

Binary fission

Question 12

What are the cell walls of bacteria composed of?

Answer 12

Peptidoglycans

Question 13

How do most bacteria move?

Answer 13

By use of flagella

Question 14

What are the cell properties of archaea?

Answer 14

Unicellular and prokaryotic

Question 15

What is unique about archaea’s cell walls?

Answer 15

Not all organisms have them and, if they do, they are not made of peptidoglycans.

Question 16

What environments do archaea prefer?

Answer 16

Extreme environments

Question 17

What is a thermophile?

Answer 17

An organism that lives in extreme heat

Question 18

What is a halophile?

Answer 18

An organism that lives in high saline environments

Question 19

What is unique about methanogens?

Answer 19

They generate methane through cellular respiration

Question 20

What are the cell properties of fungi?

Answer 20

Eukaryotic and can be multicellular or unicellular

Question 21

What is the name of a unicellular fungus?

Answer 21

Yeast

Question 22

What is the name of a multiceullar fungus?

Answer 22

Mold

Question 23

What is the cell wall of fungi made of?

Answer 23

Chitin

Question 24

What are detritivores and which microbe is a detritivore?

Answer 24

Fungi are detritivores, meaning they feed on debris/detritus

Question 25

What are the cell properties of algae?

Answer 25

Eukaryotic and photosynthetic

Question 26

How does algae reproduce?

Answer 26

Sexually or asexually

Question 27

What are algae’s cell walls made of?

Answer 27

Cellulose

Question 28

Why is algae important ecologically?

Answer 28

lts large population and photosynthetic properties

Question 29

What are the cell properties of protozoa?

Answer 29

Unicellular eukaryotes

Question 30

How do protozoa move?

Answer 30

Pseudopods, flagella, and cilia

Question 31

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 31

Sexual or asexual reproduction

Question 32

What is unique about viruses?

Answer 32

They are noncellular and nonliving

Question 33

Why are viruses considered nonliving?

Answer 33

They require a host to reproduce and have no cellular machinery of their own

Question 34

What are the four classifications of viruses?

Answer 34

dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, and ssRNA

Question 35

Who first discovered cells (specifically plant cells)?

Answer 35

Robert Hooke in the 1600s

Question 36

Who called cells “animalcules”?

Answer 36

Anton van Leeuwenhook

Question 37

What was the first theory of cellular generation?

Answer 37

Spontaneous generation

Question 38

What was the second theory of generation called?

Answer 38

Cell theory

Question 39

What are the first two laws of cell theory?

Answer 39

All life is comprised of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 40

Who disproved spontaneous generation in 1857?

Answer 40

Louis Pasteur

Question 41

Who was the first to introduce aseptic technique in medicine?

Answer 41

Joseph Lister

Question 42

Who first demonstrated the relationship between microbes and disease?

Answer 42

Robert Koch

Question 43

What are Koch’s postulates?

Answer 43

Ensure the same pathogen is present in all affected individuals, isolate pathogen and culture, pathogen from culture causes disease in healthy host, and reisolate pathogen from innoculated host.

Question 44

What is the difference between viruses and other microbes?

Answer 44

they are not cellular, require a host to reproduce, and are much simpler than cellular organisms

Question 45

Why are viruses nonliving?

Answer 45

they are unable to reproduce independently