Chapter 8 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the form of prokaryotic genomes?
circular, haploid (1N), plasmids
What are the two types of inheritance?
vertical transmission and horizontal transmission
What is vertical transmission?
passing of genetic material across generations (binary fission)
What is horizontal transmission?
passing of genetic material between individuals of the same generation
What does HGT stand for?
horizontal gene transfer
How does HGT work?
donor cell transfers DNA to the recipient cell, DNA is incorporated into the genome (recombination), DNA remains as a plasmid, DNA is degraded and nucleotides are either secreted or re-used
What are plasmids?
a genetic structure that is 1-5% the size of the genome, it’s replicating, it carries usually non-essential genes
What are conjugative plasmids?
contain genes for pilus formation, transfer of DNA, antibiotic resistance
What is R-factor?
resistance factor
What does RTF stand for?
resistance transfer factor
What is r-determinant?
collection of genes that confer resistance
What are transposons?
also known as jumping genes, change places with other genes
What is transformation?
import of DNA from the environment and incorporation into the genome
What is conjugation?
genetic information is transferred with pilus, requires cell to cell contact and specific genes
What is F+?
donor cell
What is F-?
recipient cell
What are HFR cells?
high-frequency recombination, F+ cells with plasmic incorporated into the genome
What is transduction?
virus-mediated DNA transfer
What are capsids?
protein coat on phage
What is generalized transduction?
random DNA transfer
What is specialized transduction?
bacterial toxin genes
