Chapter 10 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is taxonomy?
field of classifying and identifying organisms
What is systematics/phylogenetics?
evolutionary relationships between organisms
What are the three kingdoms?
Archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes
What cell type is archaea?
prokaryotic
What cell type is bacteria?
prokaryotic
What cell type is eukaryotic?
eukaryotic
What membrane lipids do archaea use?
branched hydrocarbons
What membrane lipids do bacteria have?
straight hydrocarbons
What membrane lipids do eukaryotes use?
straight hydrocarbons
What is the 1st amino acid for archaea?
methionine
What is the 1st amino acid for bacteria?
N-formyl methionine
What is the 1st amino acid for eukaryotes?
methionine
Does archaea have a common tRNA sequence?
absent
Does bacteria have a common tRNA sequence?
present
Do eukaryotes have a common tRNA sequence?
present
What is the general definition of a species?
population of cells indistinguishable from one another
What are strains?
basically indistinguishable with a subtle difference
What are the ways to identify bacteria?
-cell wall composition
-morphology
-gram stains
-biochemical tests
-oxygen requirements
What kind of organism has an adaptive immune system?
found in vertebrates
What do adaptive immune systems do?
produce antibodies and bind antigens
What is immunoglobulin?
a type of antibody
What is the process for developing useful antibodies?
Inject a known, heat-killed pathogen into a vertebrate, then isolate antibodies to create an antiserum.
What is important about antiserum?
it can be used to identify strains
What is a serotypes?
strains that are or are not pathogenic
