chapter 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is psychology?
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Who is Wundt?
father of psychology
Who is Freud?
Father of psychoanalysis
Who is Pavlov & Watson?
behaviorism; classical conditioning
Who is Skinner?
behaviorism; operant conditioning
Who is Darwin?
evolution; natural selection
Who is Titchener?
Structuralism
Who is James?
Functionalism
psychoanalytic
Illustrates the
underlying conflicts that
influence behavior
Behavioral
Explores human
behavior as learned
primarily through
associations,
reinforces, and
observation.
Humanistic
Focuses on the
positive and growth
aspects of human
nature
Cognitive
Examines the mental
processes that direct
behavior
Evolutionary
Examines characteristics in
terms of how they influence
adaptation to the environment
and survival
Case studies
closely examines one individual or group
Naturalistic observation
Studies participants in their natural environment through systematic observation
Surveys
Use questionaries or interviews to gather data
Correlation
examine relationships
among variables
Experimental
A type of research
that manipulates a
variable of interest
(independent
variable) to uncover
cause-and-effect
relationships
Hypothesis
a statement with a testable prediction
Random selection
each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
for the research
random assignment
each participant has an equal chance of being
assigned to a group
experimental group
the group that receives the
treatment/independent variable
control group
he group that does not receive the
independent variable/treatment and is used as the comparison group
independent variable
the variable manipulated by the researcher/the treatment
