Chapter 14

Question 1

Psychodynamic

Answer 1

Psychoanalysis (Freud)

Question 2

Free association

Answer 2

A technique where individuals spontaneously share any thoughts, feelings, or memories that come to mind, without censorship or self-criticism.

Question 3

Interpretation

Answer 3

The process of assigning meaning to behaviors, experiences, or stimuli, often involving unconscious or underlying factors.

Question 4

Resistance

Answer 4

A patient’s unconscious opposition to the unveiling and exploration of painful memories or emotions during psychoanalysis

Question 5

Transference

Answer 5

The unconscious redirection of emotions and feelings, often from early childhood experiences, onto another person, particularly a therapist in a therapeutic setting

Question 6

Dreams

Answer 6

Dreams are the pathways to unconscious awareness.
* Manifest and latent content

Question 7

Criticisms of Psychoanalysis

Answer 7

Inadequate empirical support; overemphasis on
sexuality, biology and the unconscious; sexist).

Question 8

Humanistic therapy

Answer 8

Rogers, person-centered therapy: approaches include active listening,
empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard

Question 9

Humanistic therapy criticisms

Answer 9

Difficult to study their effectiveness
because the methodology has not
been operationalized, and its use
varies from one therapist to the next

• Insight therapies demand high levels
  of verbal expression and awareness of
  the self and environment, so these
  therapies may be less useful in
  treating clients with hallucinations or
  delusions.

Question 10

Cognitive therapy

Answer 10

Beck—cognitive distortions and negative thinking & Ellis—rational-
emotive behavior therapy [REBT]

Question 11

Systematic desensitization

Answer 11

A treatment that combines anxiety hierarchies with relaxation techniques
* Often uses progressive muscle relaxation
* Over the course of multiple sessions, therapists guide the client through the
hierarchy, encouraging the client to employ the relaxation techniques when
anxiety sets in.

Question 12

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 12

A type of insight therapy that incorporates core
psychoanalytic themes, including the idea that personality and behaviors
frequently can be traced to unconscious conflicts and experiences from the
past