Chapter 1

Question 1

definition of public speaking

Answer 1

speaking in, by, and for the public

Question 2

public

Answer 2

the presence of something before or in the hands of the community, what we might think of as the people

Question 2

speech

Answer 2

more formal than talking to someone, prioritizes face to face talk

Question 3

public discourse

Answer 3

the on-going, simultaneous conversations community members have with each other about how to maintain and remake the world

Question 4

6 facts of public speaking

Answer 4

-is a form of communication
-is always goal oriented
-had personal, professional, and public dimensions
-is cultural
-form of free expression
-is an ethical undertaking

Question 5

standard model of communication

Answer 5

holistic attempt to account for the major attributes that are at work in most communication interactions

Question 6

sender

Answer 6

the person or institution that initiates a communication interaction

Question 7

message

Answer 7

a form of symbolic representation (a statement, a question, an exclamation, etc.) that contains information or an inquiry from the sender to an-other party (package that you send)

Question 8

channels

Answer 8

These diverse forms and media in which messages travel (instagram messenger, facebook)

Question 9

receiver

Answer 9

is the person, persons, or institution for which the sender prepares a message and from whom the sender expects a response

Question 10

encoding

Answer 10

the work that a sender does to a message to put it into a format appropriate for communication in a particular situation (try to get the message across)

Question 11

decoding

Answer 11

the work the receiver or receivers do to translate the speaker’s encoding into a format they can interpret and understand (unpackage the message)

Question 12

feedback

Answer 12

the verbal and non-verbal signals a receiver provides a sender in the course of communicating (smiling, nodding head)

Question 13

noise

Answer 13

anything that interferes with the successful transmission of a message

Question 14

6 basic forms of communication

Answer 14

-intrapersonal
-interpersonal
-group
-organizational
-mass
-public

Question 15

intrapersonal

Answer 15

communication that takes place within a person’s own mind, primarily through thinking and internal dialogue

Question 16

interpersonal

Answer 16

communication that takes places between two to three people and typically concerns the creation, maintenance, or disillusion of personal relationships

Question 17

group

Answer 17

communication that takes place among a small group of people—particularly teams—and is often focused on the completion of a task

Question 18

organizational

Answer 18

communication that takes place within and between large institutions and their members

Question 19

mass

Answer 19

communication that takes place through media of many kinds, including television, film, and social or print media, and is transmitted to large audiences

Question 20

public communication

Answer 20

communication that takes place between a speaker (or speakers) and an audience with the aim of engaging that audience on a topic of shared concern about the public interest. Public communication is always done within a public setting

Question 21

public speaking is always

Answer 21

goal oriented

Question 22

minor goals

Answer 22

small, targeted tasks that the speaker hopes to achieve over the course of a speech in order to improve its effectiveness (eye contact)

Question 23

primary goals

Answer 23

the single, focused, overarching achievement the speaker hopes to attain with her audience by the end of the speech in order to be successful (informing, persuading, praising)

Question 24

persuade

Answer 24

to encourage the audience to think about an issue or see the world in a way advocated by the speaker

Question 25

informative speech goal

Answer 25

To persuade the audience to learn important information about a new topic

Question 26

public deliberation speech goal

Answer 26

To persuade the audience to consider perspectives other than their own

Question 27

policy speech goal

Answer 27

To persuade the audience to adopt a solution to a public problem advocated for by the speaker

Question 28

commemorative speech goal

Answer 28

To persuade the audience to value the life and experiences of another person

Question 29

thesis statement

Answer 29

a single, declarative sentence in which the speaker makes the central, overarching argument of their entire speech

Question 30

public speaking is

Answer 30

cultural

Question 31

dominant paradigm of public speaking

Answer 31

the belief that effective public speaking should only be formal, be rational, emphasize Western values, and be practiced almost exclusively by white men

Question 32

multicultural paradigm of public speaking

Answer 32

acknowledges that there are many speaking traditions and ways in which those traditions can be integrated or used independently in order to do effective and confident public speaking

Question 33

which paradigm do we embrace in this class

Answer 33

the multicultural paradigm

Question 34

public speaking is a form of free expression

Answer 34

an exercise of the human right to share ideas and opinions with others without interference from governments or other forms of authority

Question 35

4 free speech exceptions

Answer 35

incitement, deformation, slander, libel

Question 36

incitement

Answer 36

speech that advocates the use of force in a lawless and immediate way

Question 37

deformation

Answer 37

a knowingly false statement made in public that harms the reputation of another person or entity

Question 38

slander

Answer 38

defamation that occurs in speech

Question 39

libel

Answer 39

defamation that occurs in print or visual media

Question 40

hate speech

Answer 40

speech that offends, threatens, or insults groups, based on race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, disability, or other traits

Question 41

morals

Answer 41

the personal and consistent principles that individuals use to determine what is good and bad

Question 42

ethics

Answer 42

the socially-defined expectation of good and bad behavior, which are almost always variable by context

Question 43

reject hate speech

Answer 43

when we discuss contentious issues around differences in our communities, we should speak about these issues respectfully, and with the best interests of our diverse audience in mind

Question 44

reject demagoguery (what is a demagogue)

Answer 44

a demagogue is a speaker who appeals to popular prejudices rather than reason and argument

Question 45

reject baseless claims (what is a baseless claim)

Answer 45

arguments that cannot be support-ed with credible evidence