Chapter 1

Question 1

what is microbiology?

Answer 1

Study of microbes

Question 2

what are microbes?

Answer 2

living things too small to be seen with naked eye

Question 3

what are some examples of microbes?

Answer 3

Bacteria
Protozoa
Microscopic algae
viruses
fungi

Question 4

What are some uses of microbes?

Answer 4

aquatic microbes form basis of food chain
soil microbes break down waste
photosynthetic microbes generate O2

Question 5

what are some other uses of microbes?

Answer 5

in human digestive tract aid in the digestion and help produce vitamin B and K
used to produce acetone, alcohol, antibiotics

Question 6

what are some more uses of microbes?

Answer 6

used to produce vinegar, sauerkraut, pickles, cheese, bread, and yogurt
bio remediation (oil spills)
enzymes (detergents)

Question 7

what is bacteriology?

Answer 7

the study of bacteria

Question 8

what is mycology?

Answer 8

The study of fungi

Question 9

what is virology?

Answer 9

the study of virus

Question 10

what is immunology?

Answer 10

the study of the immune system

Question 11

what are prokaryote?

Answer 11

cells that lack a nucleus membrane around DNA

Question 12

what are eukaryote?

Answer 12

cells that contain a nucleus around DNA

Question 13

Bacteria
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?

Answer 13

prokaryote
unicellular
cell wall with peptidoglycan
E. coli

Question 14

Archaea
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?

Answer 14

prokaryotic
unicellular
cell without pepidoglycan live in extreme environment
thermus aquaticus

Question 15

Protozoa
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?

Answer 15

Eukaryote
unicellular
move by cillia, flagella, or pseudopods
paramecium

Question 16

Fungi
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?

Answer 16

Eukaryotic
multicellular or unicellular
Classified by spores
mold and yeast

Question 17

Algae
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?

Answer 17

Eukaryotic
multicellular or unicellular
classified by pigment
volvox and spirogyra

Question 18

Virus
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?

Answer 18

Ace-cellular
none
none
HIV, H1N1, and Herpes

Question 19

what are some common characteristics of all organisms

Answer 19

composed of cells
DNA
Use ATP
Cells(plasma) membrane
Ribosomes

Question 20

What is taxonomy?

Answer 20

classifying organisms

Question 21

Why do we classify organism?

Answer 21

10-100 million species on Earth
identify similaries and differences
provide a tool for evolutionary history

Question 22

what is phylogeny?

Answer 22

study of evolutionary history of organism

Question 23

what is the hierarchy of organisms?

Answer 23

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 24

what are domains?

Answer 24

establish by Carl Woese

based on rRNA data

Question 25

what are the three main domains?

Answer 25

Eukarya Bacteria Archaea

Question 26

who was the fist to observe cells

Answer 26

Robert Hooke

Question 27

What is Robert Hooke's cell theory?

Answer 27

all living things are composed of cells

Question 28

Who is Antoni van Leauwenhoek?

Answer 28

1st to observe living bacteria

Question 29

who was 1st for vaccine? | what he inject and for what?

Answer 29

Edward Jenner | cowpox and they developed immunity to small pox

Question 30

What did Louis Pasteur discover?

Answer 30

fermentation disapproved spontaneous generation pasteurization aseptic technique

Question 31

who discoverd antispetic principles in surgery? | How?

Answer 31

Joseph Lister | treated surgical wounds with phenal solution to kill bacteria

Question 32

What did Robert Koch come up with?

Answer 32

germ theory --> microbes cause disease

Question 33

what did Christian Gram come up with

Answer 33

Gram stain

Question 34

What did Dmitri Iwanowski discover?

Answer 34

Tabacco Mosaic virus

Question 35

What did Paul Ehrlich discover?

Answer 35

chemotherapy

Question 36

What did Alexander Flemming discover?

Answer 36

Penicillin

Question 37

What did Carl Woese discover?

Answer 37

domain archaea

Question 38

what did Zyvox discover?

Answer 38

1st new antibiotic in 25 years

Question 39

what did James Watson and Frances Crick do?

Answer 39

structure DNA

Question 40

who developed Scientific Nomeclature?

Answer 40

Carolus Linnaeus | its Latin

Question 41

What is the binomial nomeclature?

Answer 41

2 name system | genus and species

Question 42

what is the Bergey's Manual?

Answer 42

reference book that contains descriptions of prokaryotes

Question 43

what are the morphological characteristics?

Answer 43

size and shape

Question 44

what are the different staining?

Answer 44

Gram- stain | Acid-fast stain

Question 45

what are the methods of classification and identification?

Answer 45

biochemical test; enzyme activity | Ex. fermentation of sugar