Chapter 1

Question 1

Goals of Psych

Answer 1

Describe
Explain
Predict
Control

Question 2

This psychologist used the method of OBJECTIVE INTROSPECTION in an attempt to study human thought processes

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

Father of Psych

Answer 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

A student of Wundt’s who brought the method of introspection to the US

Answer 4

Edward Titchener

Question 5

Titchener believed that introspection could be used on thoughts as well as physical sensations. He called this approach ?

Answer 5

Structuralism

Question 6

William James discovered how our mental processes help us to function in our daily lives and began to promote his viewpoint known as ?

Answer 6

Functionalism

Question 7

Theses psychologists were studying how sensation and perception create a whole pattern that is greater than the sum of the individual components

Answer 7

Gestalt Psychologists

Question 8

A major proponent of Gestalt psychology

Answer 8

Max Wertheimer

Question 9

Austrian Sigmund Freud developed his theory ____ based on the concept of the unconscious.

Answer 9

Psychoanalysis

Question 10

Freud’s theory (the unconscious played an important role in controlling our day-to-day behaviors and thoughts) is also called the ?

Answer 10

Psychodynamic perspective

Question 11

He expanded the findings of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov to promote the perspective of BEHAVIORISM

Answer 11

John Watson

Question 12

Seven major perspectives of the field of psychology

Answer 12

Psychodynamic
Behaviorism
Humanistic
Biopsychology
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Evolutionary

Question 13

Focuses on the role of the unconscious

Answer 13

Psychodynamic

Question 14

Studies psychology by focusing on observable actions and events

Answer 14

Behaviorism

Question 15

Emphasizes human potential and free will; focuses on people’s abilities to direct their own lives

Answer 15

Humanistic

Question 16

Focuses on the biology underlying our behavior and thoughts

Answer 16

Biopsychology

Question 17

Focuses on the thoughts

Answer 17

Cognitive

Question 18

A specific area of the cognitive perspective that focuses on the physical changes in the brain that occur when we think, remember, or engage in other mental processes.

Answer 18

Cognitive neuroscience

Question 19

Explores the role of social and cultural factors on our behaviors and thoughts

Answer 19

Sociocultural

Question 20

Attempt to explain behavior and thoughts in terms of their adaptive qualities

Answer 20

Evolutionary

Question 21

Receives medical degree, treat serious psychological disorders, prescribes medication for their patients

Answer 21

Psychiatrists

Question 22

Attends graduate school to obtain a doctorate degree and can select one of many career options from research to counseling to consulting for a business

Answer 22

Psychologist

Question 23

A psychiatrist or psychologist who has received special training in Freud’s method of psychoanalysis

Answer 23

Psychoanalyst

Question 24

Receives a Master of Social Work degree and provides counseling to patients or possibly conducts research

Answer 24

Psychiatric social worker

Question 25

Psychologists use this method to reduce bias and error in their observations

Answer 25

Scientific Method

Question 26

Steps of the scientific method (5)

Answer 26

``` Ask a question Formulate hypothesis Experiment Draw a conclusion Report findings ```

Question 27

It provides a realistic picture of behavior but become biased through the observer effect and observer bias

Answer 27

Naturalistic observation

Question 28

Research participants behave differently when they know they are being watched

Answer 28

Observer effect

Question 29

Researcher only sees what he or she wants to see

Answer 29

Observer bias

Question 30

A researcher disguising as an actual participant in order to reduce the the observer effect

Answer 30

Participant observation

Question 31

A detailed investigation of one individual, or case and can provide a great deal of information about that person

Answer 31

Case Study

Question 32

Researchers ask a group of participants a series of questions

Answer 32

Survey

Question 33

A researcher interested in discovering the relationship between two variables would use the

Answer 33

Correlational method

Question 34

Tells the researcher the direction and strength of the relationship

Answer 34

Correlation coefficient

Question 35

"Correlation does not prove ___"

Answer 35

Causation

Question 36

An experimental design where the groups are already in place when the participants are recruited for the study (smokers be nonsmokers)

Answer 36

Quasi-experimental design

Question 37

The researcher manipulated a variable and measures some response from the participants

Answer 37

Experiment

Question 38

In order to measure the dependent variable, the researcher must come up with an ________ for the variable

Answer 38

Operational definition

Question 39

A set of instructions that explains how to measure the variable

Answer 39

Operational definition

Question 40

Participants are not told what group they are in

Answer 40

Single blind study

Question 41

The study is often designed so that neither the participants nor the experimenter know who is in which group

Answer 41

Double-blind study

Question 42

Principles of critical thinking (4)

Answer 42

1 most truths need to be tested 2 all evidence is not equal 3 authorities are not always right 4 an open mind is still important

Question 43

What is Psychology

Answer 43

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes